Question 1

W hich of the following is NOT a function of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  Activation of vitamin D to form 1,25 dihydroxy cholecalciferol 
B)  Gluconeogenesis 
C)  Degradation of hormones 
D)  Secretion of angiotensinogen 
E)  Secretion of erythropoietin 
A)  Activation of vitamin D to form 1,25 dihydroxy cholecalciferol 
B)  Gluconeogenesis 
C)  Degradation of hormones 
D)  Secretion of angiotensinogen 
E)  Secretion of erythropoietin D

Question 2

The peritubular capillaries perfuse

Accepted Answer

A)  The proxim al tubule only 
B)  The distal tubule only 
C)  Both proximal and distal tubule 
D)  The glomerulus 
E)  The medulla 
A)  The proxim al tubule only 
B)  The distal tubule only 
C)  Both proximal and distal tubule 
D)  The glomerulus 
E)  The medulla C

Question 3

The juxtaglomerular apparatus includes

Accepted Answer

A)  Glom erulus and Bowm an’s capsule 
B)  Afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole and thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle 
C)  Afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole and thin limb of the Loop of Henle 
D)  Glomerulus and macula densa 
E)  Bowm an’s capsule and proxim al tubule 
A)  Glom erulus and Bowm an’s capsule 
B)  Afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole and thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle 
C)  Afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole and thin limb of the Loop of Henle 
D)  Glomerulus and macula densa 
E)  Bowm an’s capsule and proxim al tubule B

Question 4

W hich of the following does NOT cause renin release?

Accepted Answer

A)  Renal sympathetic stimulation 
B)  Decreased afferent arteriole pressure 
C)  Decreased distal tubule [Na+] 
D)  Decreased aldosterone 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Renal sympathetic stimulation 
B)  Decreased afferent arteriole pressure 
C)  Decreased distal tubule [Na+] 
D)  Decreased aldosterone 
E)  None of the above

Question 5

Bowman’s capsule

Accepted Answer

A)  Covers the glomerulus and collects the ultrafiltrate 
B)  Covers the outermost layer of the kidneys 
C)  Makes the urine 
D)  Is involved in the final concentration of the urine 
E)  Is continuous with the peritubular capillaries 
A)  Covers the glomerulus and collects the ultrafiltrate 
B)  Covers the outermost layer of the kidneys 
C)  Makes the urine 
D)  Is involved in the final concentration of the urine 
E)  Is continuous with the peritubular capillaries

Question 6

The proximal tubule connects

Accepted Answer

A)  distal tubule with collecting duct 
B)  loop of Henle with collecting duct 
C)  Bowman's capsule w ith the loop of Henle 
D)  Bowm an's capsule with distal tubule 
E)  loop of Henle with distal tubule 
A)  distal tubule with collecting duct 
B)  loop of Henle with collecting duct 
C)  Bowman's capsule w ith the loop of Henle 
D)  Bowm an's capsule with distal tubule 
E)  loop of Henle with distal tubule

Question 7

Renin is released from

Accepted Answer

A)  Granule cells in the afferent arteriole 
B)  Mesangial cells in the JGA 
C)  Cells in the glomerulus 
D)  Granule cells in the macula densa 
E)  The proxim al tubule 
A)  Granule cells in the afferent arteriole 
B)  Mesangial cells in the JGA 
C)  Cells in the glomerulus 
D)  Granule cells in the macula densa 
E)  The proxim al tubule

Question 8

Blood flow through the aggregate afferent arterioles (the sum of all the blood flow through the
afferent arterioles) is approximately equal to

Accepted Answer

A)  blood flow through the aggregate efferent arteriole 
B)  blood flow through the renal vein 
C)  blood flow through the peritubular capillaries 
D)  blood flow through the vasa recta 
E)  the sum of blood flow through the vasa recta and efferent arterioles 
A)  blood flow through the aggregate efferent arteriole 
B)  blood flow through the renal vein 
C)  blood flow through the peritubular capillaries 
D)  blood flow through the vasa recta 
E)  the sum of blood flow through the vasa recta and efferent arterioles

Question 9

Angiotensin converting enzyme

Accepted Answer

A)  Cleaves angiotensinogen to angiotensin I 
B)  Cleaves angiotensin I to angiotensin II 
C)  Release aldosterone 
D)  Causes vasoconstriction 
E)  Retains Na+ 
A)  Cleaves angiotensinogen to angiotensin I 
B)  Cleaves angiotensin I to angiotensin II 
C)  Release aldosterone 
D)  Causes vasoconstriction 
E)  Retains Na+

Question 10

Renin

Accepted Answer

A)  Cleaves angiotensinogen to angiotensin I 
B)  Cleaves angiotensin I to angiotensin II 
C)  Release aldosterone 
D)  Causes vasoconstriction 
E)  Retains Na+ 
A)  Cleaves angiotensinogen to angiotensin I 
B)  Cleaves angiotensin I to angiotensin II 
C)  Release aldosterone 
D)  Causes vasoconstriction 
E)  Retains Na+

Question 11

The renal arterial blood comes from the

Accepted Answer

A)  Vena cava 
B)  Abdominal aorta 
C)  Splanchnic circulation 
D)  Hepatic artery 
E)  Thoracic aorta 
A)  Vena cava 
B)  Abdominal aorta 
C)  Splanchnic circulation 
D)  Hepatic artery 
E)  Thoracic aorta

Question 12

The glomerulus lies between

Accepted Answer

A)  Efferent arteriole and peritubular capillaries 
B)  Afferent arteriole and vasa recta 
C)  Afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole 
D)  Interlobar artery and radial artery 
E)  Cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons 
A)  Efferent arteriole and peritubular capillaries 
B)  Afferent arteriole and vasa recta 
C)  Afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole 
D)  Interlobar artery and radial artery 
E)  Cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 13

Besides making urine, the kidneys do which of the following:

Accepted Answer

A)  Synthesize vitamin D (cholecalciferol) in response to sunlight 
B)  Release of the hormone thrombopoietin 
C)  Degrade circulating hormones 
D)  Formation of angiotensinogen 
E)  Secretes aldosterone 
A)  Synthesize vitamin D (cholecalciferol) in response to sunlight 
B)  Release of the hormone thrombopoietin 
C)  Degrade circulating hormones 
D)  Formation of angiotensinogen 
E)  Secretes aldosterone

Question 14

The tube leading from the kidney to the urinary bladder is the

Accepted Answer

A)  Ureter 
B)  Urethra 
C)  Connecting duct 
D)  Collecting duct 
E)  Fallopian tube 
A)  Ureter 
B)  Urethra 
C)  Connecting duct 
D)  Collecting duct 
E)  Fallopian tube

Question 15

The vasa recta arise from

Accepted Answer

A)  The afferent arteriole of cortical nephrons 
B)  The efferent arteriole of cortical nephrons 
C)  The radial artery 
D)  The efferent arteriole of juxtamedullary nephrons 
E)  The peritubular capillaries of cortical nephrons 
A)  The afferent arteriole of cortical nephrons 
B)  The efferent arteriole of cortical nephrons 
C)  The radial artery 
D)  The efferent arteriole of juxtamedullary nephrons 
E)  The peritubular capillaries of cortical nephrons

Question 16

The descending vasa recta perfuse the

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal tubule and distal tuble 
B)  proximal tubule only 
C)  distal tubule only 
D)  medulla 
E)  collecting duct 
A)  proximal tubule and distal tuble 
B)  proximal tubule only 
C)  distal tubule only 
D)  medulla 
E)  collecting duct

Question 17

The afferent arterioles arise from the

Accepted Answer

A)  Interlobar arteries 
B)  Arcuate arteries 
C)  Renal artery 
D)  Radial arteries 
E)  Vasa recta 
A)  Interlobar arteries 
B)  Arcuate arteries 
C)  Renal artery 
D)  Radial arteries 
E)  Vasa recta

Question 18

The macula densa

Accepted Answer

A)  Senses [Na+] in the distal tubule fluid 
B)  Directly release renin 
C)  Reabsorbs Na+ in the proxim al tubule 
D)  Creates an osmotic gradient from cortex to medulla 
E)  Contains aldosterone 
A)  Senses [Na+] in the distal tubule fluid 
B)  Directly release renin 
C)  Reabsorbs Na+ in the proxim al tubule 
D)  Creates an osmotic gradient from cortex to medulla 
E)  Contains aldosterone

Exam 51: Anatomy and Renal Overview

W hich of the following is NOT a function of the kidney?

The peritubular capillaries perfuse

The juxtaglomerular apparatus includes

W hich of the following does NOT cause renin release?

Bowman’s capsule

The proximal tubule connects

Renin is released from

Blood flow through the aggregate afferent arterioles (the sum of all the blood flow through the afferent arterioles) is approximately equal to

Angiotensin converting enzyme

Renin

The renal arterial blood comes from the

The glomerulus lies between

Besides making urine, the kidneys do which of the following:

The tube leading from the kidney to the urinary bladder is the

The vasa recta arise from

The descending vasa recta perfuse the

The afferent arterioles arise from the

The macula densa

Physical Foundations Ii: Electrical Force Potential Capacitance and Current

Chemical Foundations I: Chemical Energy and Intermolecular Forces

Chemical Foundations Ii: Concentration and Kinetics

Diffusion

Electrochemical Potential and Free Energy

Cell Structure

Dna and Protein Synthesis

Protein Structure

Biological Membranes

Passive Transport and Facilitated Diffusion

Active Transport: Pumps and Exchangers

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure

Cell Signaling

ATP Production I: Glycolysis

Atp Production Ii: Tca Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Atp Production Iii: Fatty Acid Oxidation and Amino Acid Oxidation

Origin of the Membrane Potential

The Action Potential

Propagation of the Action Potential

Skeletal Muscle Mechanics

Contractile Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle

Neuromuscular Junction and Ec Coupling

Muscle Energetics Fatigue and Training

Smooth Muscle

Organization of the Nervous System

Cells Synapses and Neurotransmitters

Cutaneous Sensory Systems

Spinal Reflexes

Balance and Control of Movement

the Chemical Senses

Hearing

Vision

Autonomic Nervous System

Overview of the Cv System and Blood

Plasma and Red Blood Cells

White Blood Cells and Inflammation

The Heart As a Pump

Cellular Basis of Cardiac Contractility

the Cardiac Function Curve

Vascular Function: Hemodynamics

Microcirculation and Solute Exchange

Regulation of Perfusion

Integration of Cardiac Output and Venous Return

Regulation of Arterial Pressure

Mechanics of Breathing

Lung Volumes and Airway Resistance

Gas Exchange in the Lung

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid Base Physiology I Bicarbonate Buffers and Respiratory Compensation

Control of Ventilation

Glomerular Filtration

Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

Concentration and Dilution of Urine

Mouth and Esophagus

The Stomach

Intestinal and Colonic Motility

Pancreatic and Biliary Secretion

Digestion and Absorption of the Macronutrients

Energy Balance and Regulation of Food Intake

General Principles of Endocrinology

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland