Question 1

The main stim ulus for glucagon release is

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypoglycem ia 
B)  Acidosis 
C)  Alkalosis 
D)  K+ and acidosis 
E)  Low stores of glycogen 
A)  Hypoglycem ia 
B)  Acidosis 
C)  Alkalosis 
D)  K+ and acidosis 
E)  Low stores of glycogen A

Question 2

The islets of Langerhans secrete

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucagon 
B)  Trypsinogen 
C)  Insulin 
D)  PTH 
E)  Both A and C are correct 
A)  Glucagon 
B)  Trypsinogen 
C)  Insulin 
D)  PTH 
E)  Both A and C are correct E

Question 3

W hich of the following is NOT secreted by the islets of Langerhans

Accepted Answer

A)  Somatostatin 
B)  C peptide 
C)  Glucagon 
D)  Trypsinogen 
E)  Insulin 
A)  Somatostatin 
B)  C peptide 
C)  Glucagon 
D)  Trypsinogen 
E)  Insulin D

Question 4

The mechanism of insulin action involves activation of

Accepted Answer

A)  Adenylyl cyclase 
B)  Phospholipase C 
C)  Tyrosine receptor kinase 
D)  Proteases 
E)  Ligand-gated channels 
A)  Adenylyl cyclase 
B)  Phospholipase C 
C)  Tyrosine receptor kinase 
D)  Proteases 
E)  Ligand-gated channels

Question 5

Lack of insulin synthesis and secretion produces

Accepted Answer

A)  Type I diabetes mellitus 
B)  Type II diabetes mellitus 
C)  Diabetes insipidus 
D)  Hypoglycem ia 
E)  Obesity 
A)  Type I diabetes mellitus 
B)  Type II diabetes mellitus 
C)  Diabetes insipidus 
D)  Hypoglycem ia 
E)  Obesity

Question 6

The main target for glucagon is the

Accepted Answer

A)  Bone marrow 
B)  Bone cells (osteoclasts) 
C)  Brain 
D)  Liver 
E)  Muscle 
A)  Bone marrow 
B)  Bone cells (osteoclasts) 
C)  Brain 
D)  Liver 
E)  Muscle

Question 7

The effects of insulin include

Accepted Answer

A)  Increasing glucose uptake by peripheral tissues, particularly fat and muscle 
B)  Increasing liver glycogenolysis 
C)  Increasing lipolysis 
D)  A and B are correct 
E)  All of the above are correct 
A)  Increasing glucose uptake by peripheral tissues, particularly fat and muscle 
B)  Increasing liver glycogenolysis 
C)  Increasing lipolysis 
D)  A and B are correct 
E)  All of the above are correct

Question 8

Glucagon is secreted by pancreatic

Accepted Answer

A)  Exocrine cells 
B)  $\alpha$ cells 
C)  $\beta$ cells 
D)  $\delta$ cells 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Exocrine cells 
B)  $\alpha$ cells 
C)  $\beta$ cells 
D)  $\delta$ cells 
E)  None of the above

Question 9

Insulin secretion is stimulated mainly by

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypoglycem ia 
B)  Hyperglycem ia 
C)  Hyperlipidem ia 
D)  Hypolipidem ia 
E)  Fructose 
A)  Hypoglycem ia 
B)  Hyperglycem ia 
C)  Hyperlipidem ia 
D)  Hypolipidem ia 
E)  Fructose

Question 10

The main effect of insulin is

Accepted Answer

A)  Reduction in plasma [glucose] 
B)  Production of ketone bodies 
C)  Formation of metabolic acidosis 
D)  Breaking down glycogen 
E)  Breaking down fats 
A)  Reduction in plasma [glucose] 
B)  Production of ketone bodies 
C)  Formation of metabolic acidosis 
D)  Breaking down glycogen 
E)  Breaking down fats

Question 11

Glucagon is secreted by pancreatic

Accepted Answer

A)  Exocrine cells 
B)  $\alpha$ cells 
C)  $\beta$ cells 
D)  $\delta$ cells 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Exocrine cells 
B)  $\alpha$ cells 
C)  $\beta$ cells 
D)  $\delta$ cells 
E)  None of the above

Question 12

Insulin

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases the insertion of GLUT2 in peripheral tissues apical membrane 
B)  Increases the insertion of GLUT4 in peripheral tissues basolateral membrane 
C)  Increases the oxidative potential of cells by upregulating TCA cycle enzymes 
D)  Generally promotes catabolism and protein wasting 
E)  Promotes death of tissues rather than survival 
A)  Increases the insertion of GLUT2 in peripheral tissues apical membrane 
B)  Increases the insertion of GLUT4 in peripheral tissues basolateral membrane 
C)  Increases the oxidative potential of cells by upregulating TCA cycle enzymes 
D)  Generally promotes catabolism and protein wasting 
E)  Promotes death of tissues rather than survival

Question 13

Oral hypoglycemic agents such as tolbutamide and glyburide

Accepted Answer

A)  Mimic insulin actions by increasing GLUT-4 in peripheral tissues 
B)  Increase insulin secretion by inhibiting the KATP channel 
C)  Increase insulin action by sensitizing the insulin receptor 
D)  Phosphorylate IRS in target tissues 
E)  Bind to the sulfate receptor 
A)  Mimic insulin actions by increasing GLUT-4 in peripheral tissues 
B)  Increase insulin secretion by inhibiting the KATP channel 
C)  Increase insulin action by sensitizing the insulin receptor 
D)  Phosphorylate IRS in target tissues 
E)  Bind to the sulfate receptor

Question 14

The chemical nature of insulin is best described as

Accepted Answer

A)  A single polypeptide chain 
B)  A steroid 
C)  Two polypeptide chains covalently linked by disulfide bonds 
D)  Two subunits, an $\alpha$ and $\beta$ chain, and the $\beta$ chain is glycosylated 
E)  A tripeptide 
A)  A single polypeptide chain 
B)  A steroid 
C)  Two polypeptide chains covalently linked by disulfide bonds 
D)  Two subunits, an $\alpha$ and $\beta$ chain, and the $\beta$ chain is glycosylated 
E)  A tripeptide

Exam 64: The Endocrine Pancreas

The main stim ulus for glucagon release is

The islets of Langerhans secrete

W hich of the following is NOT secreted by the islets of Langerhans

The mechanism of insulin action involves activation of

Lack of insulin synthesis and secretion produces

The main target for glucagon is the

The effects of insulin include

Glucagon is secreted by pancreatic

Insulin secretion is stimulated mainly by

The main effect of insulin is

Glucagon is secreted by pancreatic

Insulin

Oral hypoglycemic agents such as tolbutamide and glyburide

The chemical nature of insulin is best described as

Physical Foundations Ii: Electrical Force Potential Capacitance and Current

Chemical Foundations I: Chemical Energy and Intermolecular Forces

Chemical Foundations Ii: Concentration and Kinetics

Diffusion

Electrochemical Potential and Free Energy

Cell Structure

Dna and Protein Synthesis

Protein Structure

Biological Membranes

Passive Transport and Facilitated Diffusion

Active Transport: Pumps and Exchangers

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure

Cell Signaling

ATP Production I: Glycolysis

Atp Production Ii: Tca Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Atp Production Iii: Fatty Acid Oxidation and Amino Acid Oxidation

Origin of the Membrane Potential

The Action Potential

Propagation of the Action Potential

Skeletal Muscle Mechanics

Contractile Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle

Neuromuscular Junction and Ec Coupling

Muscle Energetics Fatigue and Training

Smooth Muscle

Organization of the Nervous System

Cells Synapses and Neurotransmitters

Cutaneous Sensory Systems

Spinal Reflexes

Balance and Control of Movement

the Chemical Senses

Hearing

Vision

Autonomic Nervous System

Overview of the Cv System and Blood

Plasma and Red Blood Cells

White Blood Cells and Inflammation

The Heart As a Pump

Cellular Basis of Cardiac Contractility

the Cardiac Function Curve

Vascular Function: Hemodynamics

Microcirculation and Solute Exchange

Regulation of Perfusion

Integration of Cardiac Output and Venous Return

Regulation of Arterial Pressure

Mechanics of Breathing

Lung Volumes and Airway Resistance

Gas Exchange in the Lung

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid Base Physiology I Bicarbonate Buffers and Respiratory Compensation

Control of Ventilation

Anatomy and Renal Overview

Glomerular Filtration

Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

Concentration and Dilution of Urine

Mouth and Esophagus

The Stomach

Intestinal and Colonic Motility

Pancreatic and Biliary Secretion

Digestion and Absorption of the Macronutrients

Energy Balance and Regulation of Food Intake

General Principles of Endocrinology

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The Adrenal Cortex

The Adrenal Medulla