Question 1

Explain why large- genome organisms might be strongly selected for in a soil habitat.

Accepted Answer

The composition of soil is so spatially

Question 2

Genome sequencing is an expensive endeavor, so the needs of the biomedical and biotechnology industries are important drivers for selecting genomes to be sequenced.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

When comparing genes from Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya, which statement is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genes in Archaea involved in DNA replication, transcription, and translation are more similar to those of Eukarya, while those encoding metabolic functions other than information processing are more similar to those of Bacteria. 
B)  Almost all archaeal genes are more similar to bacterial genes than to eukaryotic genes. 
C)  Almost all archaeal genes are more similar to eukaryotic genes than to bacterial genes. 
D)  Archaeal genes are almost universally unique; very few are similar to either eukaryotic or bacterial genes. 
A)  Genes in Archaea involved in DNA replication, transcription, and translation are more similar to those of Eukarya, while those encoding metabolic functions other than information processing are more similar to those of Bacteria. 
B)  Almost all archaeal genes are more similar to bacterial genes than to eukaryotic genes. 
C)  Almost all archaeal genes are more similar to eukaryotic genes than to bacterial genes. 
D)  Archaeal genes are almost universally unique; very few are similar to either eukaryotic or bacterial genes.

Question 4

It is generally accepted that independent mutation rather than gene duplication is the mechanism for evolution of most new genes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The three mechanisms for horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes are __________ ,_________ , and _________.

Accepted Answer

conjugatio

Question 6

Microarrays allow for

Accepted Answer

A)  the hybridization of cDNA (converted from mRNA with DNA affixed to a solid- state support. 
B)  the analysis of global gene expression. 
C)  a comparison of expression of different genes under different growth conditions. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  the hybridization of cDNA (converted from mRNA with DNA affixed to a solid- state support. 
B)  the analysis of global gene expression. 
C)  a comparison of expression of different genes under different growth conditions. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 7

Comparative genomics helps us to understand evolutionary relationships between organisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The first DNA genome to be sequenced was that of the ssDNA virus 0X174 and debuted the

Accepted Answer

A)  dideoxynucleotide Sanger technique. 
B)  technique known as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. 
C)  technique known as high- pressure liquid chromatography (HPL
C) . 
D)  454 pyrosequencing technique. 
A)  dideoxynucleotide Sanger technique. 
B)  technique known as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. 
C)  technique known as high- pressure liquid chromatography (HPL
C) . 
D)  454 pyrosequencing technique.

Question 9

Bioinformatics is a field of study that_________ .

Accepted Answer

uses computational t

Question 10

The science that applies powerful computational tools to DNA and protein sequences for the purpose of analyzing, storing, and accessing the sequences for comparative purposes is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  proteomics. 
B)  bioinformatics. 
C)  metagenomics. 
D)  genomics. 
A)  proteomics. 
B)  bioinformatics. 
C)  metagenomics. 
D)  genomics.

Question 11

Explain the terms "core genome" and "pan genome" and describe how each contributes to the genome of a bacterial species.

Accepted Answer

A core genome is the nucleotide sequence

Question 12

Special proteins or other molecules or structures necessary to cause disease are known as_________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Special proteins or other molecules or structures...

Question 13

The total genetic complement of all cells within a microbial community is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  interactome. 
B)  metagenome. 
C)  population genome. 
D)  chromosomal island. 
A)  interactome. 
B)  metagenome. 
C)  population genome. 
D)  chromosomal island.

Question 14

Most integrons are found on _________or in _________and may collect multiple_________ .

Accepted Answer

plasmids /

Question 15

The number of genes whose role can clearly be identified in a given genome is_________ or less of the total number of ORFs detected.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The number of genes whose role can...

Question 16

Gene sequencing requires high- throughput sequencing as well as powerful computational capacities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Explain why organisms undergoing rapid evolutionary change often contain relatively large numbers of mobile DNA elements, whereas once organisms settle into a stable evolutionary niche, most of these mobile elements are lost.

Accepted Answer

Genome diversity is likely to be high du

Question 18

The study of the structure, function, and regulation of all the proteins present in an organism is called_________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The study of the structure, function, and...

Question 19

Chromosomal islands are presumed to have a "foreign" origin based upon three observations. What are these observations and how do they indicate that chromosomal islands are "foreign" in origin?

Accepted Answer

The presence of a sequence flanked by in

Question 20

Explain why the words "about" and "approximately" are used in discussing certain genomes that have been fully sequenced.

Accepted Answer

As genome sequence analysis becomes more

Exam 12: Microbial Genomics

Explain why large- genome organisms might be strongly selected for in a soil habitat.

Genome sequencing is an expensive endeavor, so the needs of the biomedical and biotechnology industries are important drivers for selecting genomes to be sequenced.

When comparing genes from Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya, which statement is TRUE?

It is generally accepted that independent mutation rather than gene duplication is the mechanism for evolution of most new genes.

The three mechanisms for horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes are __________ ,_________ , and _________.

Microarrays allow for

Comparative genomics helps us to understand evolutionary relationships between organisms.

The first DNA genome to be sequenced was that of the ssDNA virus 0X174 and debuted the

Bioinformatics is a field of study that_________ .

The science that applies powerful computational tools to DNA and protein sequences for the purpose of analyzing, storing, and accessing the sequences for comparative purposes is known as

Explain the terms "core genome" and "pan genome" and describe how each contributes to the genome of a bacterial species.

Special proteins or other molecules or structures necessary to cause disease are known as_________.

The total genetic complement of all cells within a microbial community is called a(n)

Most integrons are found on _________or in _________and may collect multiple_________ .

The number of genes whose role can clearly be identified in a given genome is_________ or less of the total number of ORFs detected.

Gene sequencing requires high- throughput sequencing as well as powerful computational capacities.

Explain why organisms undergoing rapid evolutionary change often contain relatively large numbers of mobile DNA elements, whereas once organisms settle into a stable evolutionary niche, most of these mobile elements are lost.

The study of the structure, function, and regulation of all the proteins present in an organism is called_________ .

Chromosomal islands are presumed to have a "foreign" origin based upon three observations. What are these observations and how do they indicate that chromosomal islands are "foreign" in origin?

Explain why the words "about" and "approximately" are used in discussing certain genomes that have been fully sequenced.

Microorganisms and Microbiology

A Brief Journey to the Microbial World

Cell Structure and Function in Bacteria and Archaea

Nutrition, Culture, and Metabolism of Microorganisms

Microbial Growth

Molecular Biology of Bacteria

Archael and Eukaryotic Molecular Biology

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses and Virology

Genetics of Bacteria and Arachaea

Genetic Engineering

Phototrophy, Chemolithotrophy, and Major Biosyntheses

Catabolism of Organic Compounds

Commercial Products and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Bacteria: the Proteobacteria

Other Bacteria

Archaea

Eukaryotic Cell Biology and Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Viral Diversity

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Major Microbial Habitats and Diversity

Nutrient Cycles, Biodegradation, and Bioremediation

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Growth Control

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Microbial Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Microbial Pathogens

Wastewater Treatment, Water Purification, and Waterborne Microbial Diseases

Food Preservation and Foodborne Microbial Diseases

Filters

The three mechanisms for horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes are ______ ,_ , and _____.

Most integrons are found on _____or in _and may collect multiple_____ .