Question 1

A functional open reading frame (ORF) encodes for

Accepted Answer

A)  a carbohydrate. 
B)  DNA or RNA. 
C)  a protein. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  a carbohydrate. 
B)  DNA or RNA. 
C)  a protein. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 2

The largest cellular genomes belong to prokaryotes that are parasitic or endosymbiotic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Explain horizontal gene transfer and discuss how this phenomenon has complicated evolutionary studies.

Accepted Answer

Horizontal (or lateral) gene transfer in

Question 4

Genes for DNA replication and transcription make up only a minor fraction of the typical prokaryotic genome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The most abundant genes in prokaryotic genomes are

Accepted Answer

A)  those involved in transport. 
B)  those involved in translation. 
C)  those involved in DNA replication. 
D)  those involved in metabolism. 
A)  those involved in transport. 
B)  those involved in translation. 
C)  those involved in DNA replication. 
D)  those involved in metabolism.

Question 6

The protozoans Paramecium and Trichomonas have significantly more genes than humans have.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The mitochondrial genomes of almost all animals, including humans, encode

Accepted Answer

A)  rRNA. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  tRNA. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  rRNA. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  tRNA. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 8

An uncharacterized ORF shares with a known protein- encoding gene a(n) _________of reasonable length and __________ and _________codons.

Accepted Answer

uninterrupted readin

Question 9

Explain how codon bias can be used to detect horizontal gene transfer.

Accepted Answer

If an organism rarely uses a particular

Question 10

Explain how evolution can "experiment" with duplicated genes.

Accepted Answer

A duplicated gene allows the second gene

Question 11

Explain how genomics has shown mitochondrial evolution to be far more complicated than expected.

Accepted Answer

Some mitochondria contain accessory plas

Question 12

Many of the genes in the chloroplast genome encode proteins involved in __________ and_________, whereas mitochondrial genomes primarily encode proteins involved in_________.

Accepted Answer

photosynthesis / aut

Question 13

Explain the technique of two- dimensional (2D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE).

Accepted Answer

A 2D- PAGE separates proteins based on s

Question 14

DNA sequences of_________ prokaryotic genomes are now available in public databases.

Accepted Answer

A)  millions 
B)  hundreds 
C)  thousands 
D)  dozens 
A)  millions 
B)  hundreds 
C)  thousands 
D)  dozens

Question 15

When analyzing the sequence of genes similar to ones already known, why is the amino acid sequence of the protein more important than the DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

Over evolutionary time, a nucleotide seq

Question 16

At present, no available method can come close to giving as much information about gene expression as can __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of At present, no available method can come...

Question 17

Chromosomal rearrangements due to insertion sequences have apparently contributed to the evolution of several human pathogens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Linking an ORF with a specific function is an example of gene

Accepted Answer

A)  discovery. 
B)  identification. 
C)  assembly. 
D)  annotation. 
A)  discovery. 
B)  identification. 
C)  assembly. 
D)  annotation.

Question 19

Comparisons of genes and gene families can be done easily. The results are generally quite predictable, although occasionally there is a surprising find.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Within Archaea and Bacteria, one megabase of DNA encodes about_________ open reading frames.

Accepted Answer

A)  1,000 
B)  100 
C)  10,000 
D)  10 
A)  1,000 
B)  100 
C)  10,000 
D)  10

Exam 12: Microbial Genomics

A functional open reading frame (ORF) encodes for

The largest cellular genomes belong to prokaryotes that are parasitic or endosymbiotic.

Explain horizontal gene transfer and discuss how this phenomenon has complicated evolutionary studies.

Genes for DNA replication and transcription make up only a minor fraction of the typical prokaryotic genome.

The most abundant genes in prokaryotic genomes are

The protozoans Paramecium and Trichomonas have significantly more genes than humans have.

The mitochondrial genomes of almost all animals, including humans, encode

An uncharacterized ORF shares with a known protein- encoding gene a(n) _________of reasonable length and __________ and _________codons.

Explain how codon bias can be used to detect horizontal gene transfer.

Explain how evolution can "experiment" with duplicated genes.

Explain how genomics has shown mitochondrial evolution to be far more complicated than expected.

Many of the genes in the chloroplast genome encode proteins involved in __________ and_________, whereas mitochondrial genomes primarily encode proteins involved in_________.

Explain the technique of two- dimensional (2D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE).

DNA sequences of_________ prokaryotic genomes are now available in public databases.

When analyzing the sequence of genes similar to ones already known, why is the amino acid sequence of the protein more important than the DNA sequence?

At present, no available method can come close to giving as much information about gene expression as can __________.

Chromosomal rearrangements due to insertion sequences have apparently contributed to the evolution of several human pathogens.

Linking an ORF with a specific function is an example of gene

Comparisons of genes and gene families can be done easily. The results are generally quite predictable, although occasionally there is a surprising find.

Within Archaea and Bacteria, one megabase of DNA encodes about_________ open reading frames.

Microorganisms and Microbiology

A Brief Journey to the Microbial World

Cell Structure and Function in Bacteria and Archaea

Nutrition, Culture, and Metabolism of Microorganisms

Microbial Growth

Molecular Biology of Bacteria

Archael and Eukaryotic Molecular Biology

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses and Virology

Genetics of Bacteria and Arachaea

Genetic Engineering

Phototrophy, Chemolithotrophy, and Major Biosyntheses

Catabolism of Organic Compounds

Commercial Products and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Bacteria: the Proteobacteria

Other Bacteria

Archaea

Eukaryotic Cell Biology and Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Viral Diversity

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Major Microbial Habitats and Diversity

Nutrient Cycles, Biodegradation, and Bioremediation

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Growth Control

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Microbial Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Microbial Pathogens

Wastewater Treatment, Water Purification, and Waterborne Microbial Diseases

Food Preservation and Foodborne Microbial Diseases

Filters

An uncharacterized ORF shares with a known protein- encoding gene a(n) _of reasonable length and and ___codons.

Many of the genes in the chloroplast genome encode proteins involved in ______ and_, whereas mitochondrial genomes primarily encode proteins involved in_____.