Question 1

The moonlight- like_________ _ from Allivibrio fischeri are symbionts of the Hawaiian bobtail squid, which benefits from evading_________at night

Accepted Answer

biolumines

Question 2

The formation of rhizobial nodules is induced by__________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The formation of rhizobial nodules is induced...

Question 3

How is a bacteroid distinguished from a bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  biochemical tests 
B)  16S rRNA gene sequencing 
C)  cell morphology 
D)  all of the above 
A)  biochemical tests 
B)  16S rRNA gene sequencing 
C)  cell morphology 
D)  all of the above

Question 4

Bacteria associated with plants fix approximately 25% of all nitrogen fixed annually on Earth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Symbiotic relationships generally do not foster horizontal gene transfer at any higher rate than non- symbiotic relationships.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Most nitrogen- fixing bacteria symbiotically associated with plants are called

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteroids. 
B)  symbiodinia. 
C)  mycorrhizae. 
D)  rhizobia. 
A)  bacteroids. 
B)  symbiodinia. 
C)  mycorrhizae. 
D)  rhizobia.

Question 7

Leguminous plants such as alfalfa, beans, clover, peas, and soybeans all benefit from symbiotic bacteria that leach vitamins into the plant roots.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Regarding the human oral flora, Streptococcus primarily colonize _________, while Fusobacterium and Veillonella colonize_________.

Accepted Answer

surfaces of teeth /

Question 9

Plant diversity is generally lower in environments where mycorrhizae are associated with them due to strong coevolution, which drives the fungus- plant relationship to diverge.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following do algae most commonly associate with in a mutualistic relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  flatworms 
B)  clams 
C)  corals 
D)  snails 
A)  flatworms 
B)  clams 
C)  corals 
D)  snails

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a major question in the Human Microbiome Project?

Accepted Answer

A)  Do differences in the human microbiome correlate with differences in human health? 
B)  How is the microbiome developed after an individual is born? 
C)  Are differences in the relative abundance of different bacteria important? 
D)  Is there a correlation between microbial population structure and host genotype? 
A)  Do differences in the human microbiome correlate with differences in human health? 
B)  How is the microbiome developed after an individual is born? 
C)  Are differences in the relative abundance of different bacteria important? 
D)  Is there a correlation between microbial population structure and host genotype?

Question 12

What is the result of calcium carbonate skeleton corals collecting solar radiation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium and carbonate ions are released, which help buffer the pH and prevent dramatic pH shifts. 
B)  The incident light field is amplified five times that of solar light, which fosters growth of phototrophic dinoflagellates. 
C)  Speciation is induced due to mutation rates of the bacteria associated with the corals being high. 
D)  The water's temperature around the coral is much warmer. 
A)  Calcium and carbonate ions are released, which help buffer the pH and prevent dramatic pH shifts. 
B)  The incident light field is amplified five times that of solar light, which fosters growth of phototrophic dinoflagellates. 
C)  Speciation is induced due to mutation rates of the bacteria associated with the corals being high. 
D)  The water's temperature around the coral is much warmer.

Question 13

The microbiome contains all

Accepted Answer

A)  living organisms present on the skin. 
B)  organisms present in and on the body. 
C)  viable cells in a particular location. 
D)  organisms within the digestive system. 
A)  living organisms present on the skin. 
B)  organisms present in and on the body. 
C)  viable cells in a particular location. 
D)  organisms within the digestive system.

Question 14

What proportion of insects are thought to have symbiotic relationships with microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  5% 
B)  less than 1% 
C)  20% 
D)  50% 
A)  5% 
B)  less than 1% 
C)  20% 
D)  50%

Question 15

The bacterium Escherichia coli comprises a significant fraction of the bacterial population in healthy adult humans, ranging from 10-50%.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

What is the fate of H2 produced within a rumen?

Accepted Answer

A)  released via eructation (belching) 
B)  used in acetogenesis 
C)  used in methanogenesis 
D)  transformed, along with other ions, into inorganic compounds 
A)  released via eructation (belching) 
B)  used in acetogenesis 
C)  used in methanogenesis 
D)  transformed, along with other ions, into inorganic compounds

Question 17

Hydrogenosomes present in some anaerobic protists have yet to be identified in any other taxonomic group.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

What percentage of terrestrial plants are colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizae?

Accepted Answer

A)  25 
B)  85 
C)  50 
D)  10 
A)  25 
B)  85 
C)  50 
D)  10

Question 19

Coral bleaching has been primarily caused by antimicrobials that have disrupted the mutualistic relationships formed with other corals that depend on microbial symbionts for essential nutrients.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which two phyla dominate the Bacteria in the rumen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria 
B)  Firmicutes and Proteobacteria 
C)  Bacteriodetes and Proteobacteria 
D)  Bacteriodetes and Firmicutes 
A)  Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria 
B)  Firmicutes and Proteobacteria 
C)  Bacteriodetes and Proteobacteria 
D)  Bacteriodetes and Firmicutes

Exam 25: Microbial Symbioses

The moonlight- like_________ _ from Allivibrio fischeri are symbionts of the Hawaiian bobtail squid, which benefits from evading_________at night

The formation of rhizobial nodules is induced by__________ .

How is a bacteroid distinguished from a bacterial cell?

Bacteria associated with plants fix approximately 25% of all nitrogen fixed annually on Earth.

Symbiotic relationships generally do not foster horizontal gene transfer at any higher rate than non- symbiotic relationships.

Most nitrogen- fixing bacteria symbiotically associated with plants are called

Leguminous plants such as alfalfa, beans, clover, peas, and soybeans all benefit from symbiotic bacteria that leach vitamins into the plant roots.

Regarding the human oral flora, Streptococcus primarily colonize _________, while Fusobacterium and Veillonella colonize_________.

Plant diversity is generally lower in environments where mycorrhizae are associated with them due to strong coevolution, which drives the fungus- plant relationship to diverge.

Which of the following do algae most commonly associate with in a mutualistic relationship?

Which of the following is NOT a major question in the Human Microbiome Project?

What is the result of calcium carbonate skeleton corals collecting solar radiation?

The microbiome contains all

What proportion of insects are thought to have symbiotic relationships with microorganisms?

The bacterium Escherichia coli comprises a significant fraction of the bacterial population in healthy adult humans, ranging from 10-50%.

What is the fate of H2 produced within a rumen?

Hydrogenosomes present in some anaerobic protists have yet to be identified in any other taxonomic group.

What percentage of terrestrial plants are colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizae?

Coral bleaching has been primarily caused by antimicrobials that have disrupted the mutualistic relationships formed with other corals that depend on microbial symbionts for essential nutrients.

Which two phyla dominate the Bacteria in the rumen?

Microorganisms and Microbiology

A Brief Journey to the Microbial World

Cell Structure and Function in Bacteria and Archaea

Nutrition, Culture, and Metabolism of Microorganisms

Microbial Growth

Molecular Biology of Bacteria

Archael and Eukaryotic Molecular Biology

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses and Virology

Genetics of Bacteria and Arachaea

Genetic Engineering

Microbial Genomics

Phototrophy, Chemolithotrophy, and Major Biosyntheses

Catabolism of Organic Compounds

Commercial Products and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Bacteria: the Proteobacteria

Other Bacteria

Archaea

Eukaryotic Cell Biology and Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Viral Diversity

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Major Microbial Habitats and Diversity

Nutrient Cycles, Biodegradation, and Bioremediation

Microbial Growth Control

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Microbial Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Microbial Pathogens

Wastewater Treatment, Water Purification, and Waterborne Microbial Diseases

Food Preservation and Foodborne Microbial Diseases

Filters

Regarding the human oral flora, Streptococcus primarily colonize _, while Fusobacterium and Veillonella colonize_.