Question 1

A consortium's species name is in __________ , because each consortium is not actually_________.

Accepted Answer

quotes / o

Question 2

Molecular evidence suggests that leeches contain four distinct bacterial communities in its digestive tract.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Describe a way in which Hawaiian bobtail squids exclude all bacteria except Allivibrio fischeri into their light organ. Also explain how A. fischeri is capable of colonizing the organ.

Accepted Answer

The squid excrete toxic levels of NO aro

Question 4

Gut symbionts are lost after each molting an insect undergoes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

How do arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) help plants obtain more nutrients from the soil?

Accepted Answer

A)  Signaling molecules in the plant are passed to the AM to initiate electron flow, which is in turn used to create ATP. 
B)  The hyphae develop as specialized nodules that directly produce nutrients for the plant. 
C)  Byproducts of AM metabolism serve as primary nutrient sources for the plants. 
D)  The AM increase the total surface area to absorb more nutrients. 
A)  Signaling molecules in the plant are passed to the AM to initiate electron flow, which is in turn used to create ATP. 
B)  The hyphae develop as specialized nodules that directly produce nutrients for the plant. 
C)  Byproducts of AM metabolism serve as primary nutrient sources for the plants. 
D)  The AM increase the total surface area to absorb more nutrients.

Question 6

Describe the symbioses the attine ant is involved in as well as how it obtains its food.

Accepted Answer

Attine ants purposefully cultivate fungi

Question 7

_________is a process in symbiosis where both organisms' genomes change over time in a reciprocal fashion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _________is a process in symbiosis where both...

Question 8

The activity of_________ can be assayed by the reduction of acetylene into ethylene.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The activity of_________ can be assayed by...

Question 9

Plant root nodules are

Accepted Answer

A)  structures created by fungi and are found in all agricultural crops. 
B)  formed from gall- rotting bacteria that decompose plant roots. 
C)  harmful to plants, because the bacteria outcompete the plants for nutrients. 
D)  sites where nitrogen fixation occurs. 
A)  structures created by fungi and are found in all agricultural crops. 
B)  formed from gall- rotting bacteria that decompose plant roots. 
C)  harmful to plants, because the bacteria outcompete the plants for nutrients. 
D)  sites where nitrogen fixation occurs.

Question 10

Which of the following is a common feature of primary symbionts?

Accepted Answer

A)  high A+T content, low G+C content 
B)  accelerated mutation rates 
C)  extreme genome reduction 
D)  all of the above 
A)  high A+T content, low G+C content 
B)  accelerated mutation rates 
C)  extreme genome reduction 
D)  all of the above

Question 11

Microbial symbionts are horizontally transferred by parental cells directly passing on the symbionts during cellular replication.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Why do symbionts often contain lower G+C content when compared to free- living organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Replicating high G+C content genomes requires several additional enzymes, to break apart the strong triple bonds formed from GC pairs, which are rarely found in symbionts with relatively small genome sizes. 
B)  Symbionts usually do not have as many DNA repair mechanisms as free- living organisms, and two common spontaneous mutations change GC pairs into AT pairs. 
C)  Free- living organisms must have a more stable genome to survive; low G+C content organisms are often selected against in nature. 
D)  Ancestral symbionts had low GC content genomes by chance, and these low GC content genomes are passed onto their progeny. 
A)  Replicating high G+C content genomes requires several additional enzymes, to break apart the strong triple bonds formed from GC pairs, which are rarely found in symbionts with relatively small genome sizes. 
B)  Symbionts usually do not have as many DNA repair mechanisms as free- living organisms, and two common spontaneous mutations change GC pairs into AT pairs. 
C)  Free- living organisms must have a more stable genome to survive; low G+C content organisms are often selected against in nature. 
D)  Ancestral symbionts had low GC content genomes by chance, and these low GC content genomes are passed onto their progeny.

Question 13

Ruminants digest bacterial cells as a primary source of

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrates. 
B)  lipids. 
C)  vitamins. 
D)  proteins. 
A)  carbohydrates. 
B)  lipids. 
C)  vitamins. 
D)  proteins.

Question 14

Compared to carnivorous organisms, herbivores have an extended retention time of food in their gut, which benefits the organisms by _________.

Accepted Answer

allowing the microorganism to

Question 15

Bacterial symbionts most often provide insects with _________ that are essential for their growth.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bacterial symbionts most often provide insects with...

Question 16

The structural and trophic foundation of coral reefs is a mutualistic relationship between_________and _________.

Accepted Answer

dinoflagel

Question 17

Unlike higher termites, lower termites contain

Accepted Answer

A)  lignolytic bacteria. 
B)  lignolytic fungi. 
C)  cellulolytic protists. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  lignolytic bacteria. 
B)  lignolytic fungi. 
C)  cellulolytic protists. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 18

A prolonged and intimate relationship between two organisms that evolved as they lived together is called _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A prolonged and intimate relationship between two...

Question 19

What volume is the rumen in cows?

Accepted Answer

A)  25-50 liters 
B)  100-150 liters 
C)  10-20 liters 
D)  5-10 liters 
A)  25-50 liters 
B)  100-150 liters 
C)  10-20 liters 
D)  5-10 liters

Question 20

Explain the difference between primary and secondary symbionts.

Accepted Answer

Primary symbionts are organisms associat

Exam 25: Microbial Symbioses

A consortium's species name is in __________ , because each consortium is not actually_________.

Molecular evidence suggests that leeches contain four distinct bacterial communities in its digestive tract.

Describe a way in which Hawaiian bobtail squids exclude all bacteria except Allivibrio fischeri into their light organ. Also explain how A. fischeri is capable of colonizing the organ.

Gut symbionts are lost after each molting an insect undergoes.

How do arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) help plants obtain more nutrients from the soil?

Describe the symbioses the attine ant is involved in as well as how it obtains its food.

_________is a process in symbiosis where both organisms' genomes change over time in a reciprocal fashion.

The activity of_________ can be assayed by the reduction of acetylene into ethylene.

Plant root nodules are

Which of the following is a common feature of primary symbionts?

Microbial symbionts are horizontally transferred by parental cells directly passing on the symbionts during cellular replication.

Why do symbionts often contain lower G+C content when compared to free- living organisms?

Ruminants digest bacterial cells as a primary source of

Compared to carnivorous organisms, herbivores have an extended retention time of food in their gut, which benefits the organisms by _________.

Bacterial symbionts most often provide insects with _________ that are essential for their growth.

The structural and trophic foundation of coral reefs is a mutualistic relationship between_________and _________.

Unlike higher termites, lower termites contain

A prolonged and intimate relationship between two organisms that evolved as they lived together is called _________.

What volume is the rumen in cows?

Explain the difference between primary and secondary symbionts.

Microorganisms and Microbiology

A Brief Journey to the Microbial World

Cell Structure and Function in Bacteria and Archaea

Nutrition, Culture, and Metabolism of Microorganisms

Microbial Growth

Molecular Biology of Bacteria

Archael and Eukaryotic Molecular Biology

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses and Virology

Genetics of Bacteria and Arachaea

Genetic Engineering

Microbial Genomics

Phototrophy, Chemolithotrophy, and Major Biosyntheses

Catabolism of Organic Compounds

Commercial Products and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Bacteria: the Proteobacteria

Other Bacteria

Archaea

Eukaryotic Cell Biology and Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Viral Diversity

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Major Microbial Habitats and Diversity

Nutrient Cycles, Biodegradation, and Bioremediation

Microbial Growth Control

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Microbial Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Microbial Pathogens

Wastewater Treatment, Water Purification, and Waterborne Microbial Diseases

Food Preservation and Foodborne Microbial Diseases

Filters

A consortium's species name is in __ , because each consortium is not actually_.

The structural and trophic foundation of coral reefs is a mutualistic relationship between_and _.