Question 1

The precursor of each new nucleotide in a strand of DNA is a

Accepted Answer

A)  deoxynucleoside 5'- diphosphate. 
B)  deoxynucleoside 3'- triphosphate. 
C)  deoxynucleoside 5'- triphosphate. 
D)  deoxynucleoside 3'- diphosphate. 
A)  deoxynucleoside 5'- diphosphate. 
B)  deoxynucleoside 3'- triphosphate. 
C)  deoxynucleoside 5'- triphosphate. 
D)  deoxynucleoside 3'- diphosphate.

Question 2

One high- energy phosphate bond is required for the activation of an aminoacyl- tRNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Proteins known as chaperones are found only in Bacteria, and their sequences vary from organism to organism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Discuss the initiation of DNA synthesis in Bacteria using the terms origin of replication, replication fork, and theta structures.

Accepted Answer

The initiation protein DnaA binds to the

Question 5

During DNA synthesis, the RNA primer is removed by a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  replisome. 
B)  Okazaki fragment. 
C)  DNA ligase. 
D)  Pol I exonuclease. 
A)  replisome. 
B)  Okazaki fragment. 
C)  DNA ligase. 
D)  Pol I exonuclease.

Question 6

Sometimes it appears that bases in tRNA loops are actually paired with bases in other tRNA loops, which is not the case because pairing occurs exclusively within a given loop.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Explain how Escherichia coli can grow with a doubling time of 20 minutes when chromosome replication takes 40 minutes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how Escherichia coli can grow with...

Question 8

When several ribosomes are simultaneously translating a single mRNA molecule, the complex is called a(n)________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of When several ribosomes are simultaneously translating a...

Question 9

A triplet of bases on an mRNA molecule is known as a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A triplet of bases on an mRNA...

Question 10

Speculate on why the half- life of mRNA is short, while the half- lives of rRNA and tRNA are long.

Accepted Answer

An important feature present in rRNA and

Question 11

Explain the difference between transcription and translation.

Accepted Answer

Transcription is the process i

Question 12

If a transcription unit contains two or more genes, these genes are then________, giving a single RNA molecule.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a transcription unit contains two or...

Question 13

Which statement is generally TRUE regarding protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  The 23S rRNA plays a role in termination; the 16S rRNA plays a role in elongation. 
B)  The 23S rRNA plays a role in elongation; the 16S rRNA plays a role in translocation. 
C)  The 23S rRNA plays a role in translocation; the 16S rRNA plays a role in elongation. 
D)  The 23S rRNA plays a role in translocation; the 16S rRNA plays a role in initiation. 
A)  The 23S rRNA plays a role in termination; the 16S rRNA plays a role in elongation. 
B)  The 23S rRNA plays a role in elongation; the 16S rRNA plays a role in translocation. 
C)  The 23S rRNA plays a role in translocation; the 16S rRNA plays a role in elongation. 
D)  The 23S rRNA plays a role in translocation; the 16S rRNA plays a role in initiation.

Question 14

Ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and novobiocin are effective antibiotics because they inhibit the activity of

Accepted Answer

A)  prokaryotic supercoilase. 
B)  reverse gyrase. 
C)  RNA topoisomerase. 
D)  DNA gyrase. 
A)  prokaryotic supercoilase. 
B)  reverse gyrase. 
C)  RNA topoisomerase. 
D)  DNA gyrase.

Question 15

In Bacteria and most Archaea, the enzyme that introduces negative supercoils into DNA is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA gyrase. 
B)  supercoiling gyrase. 
C)  prokaryotic gyrase. 
D)  prokaryotic supercoilase. 
A)  DNA gyrase. 
B)  supercoiling gyrase. 
C)  prokaryotic gyrase. 
D)  prokaryotic supercoilase.

Question 16

Explain the concept of semiconservative replication.

Accepted Answer

During replication, only one of the two

Question 17

DNA replication always proceeds from the _________ of the incoming nucleotide to the _________ of the previously added nucleotide.

Accepted Answer

A)  5'- hydroxyl / 3'- phosphate 
B)  5'- phosphate / 3'- hydroxyl 
C)  3'- hydroxyl /5'- phosphate 
D)  3'- phosphate / 5'- hydroxyl 
A)  5'- hydroxyl / 3'- phosphate 
B)  5'- phosphate / 3'- hydroxyl 
C)  3'- hydroxyl /5'- phosphate 
D)  3'- phosphate / 5'- hydroxyl

Question 18

Define genome in terms of the various DNA components of the cell or virus.

Accepted Answer

A genome is the complete set of genetic

Question 19

An example of nucleotide pairing is

Accepted Answer

A)  C and U. 
B)  G and U. 
C)  A and T. 
D)  T and U. 
A)  C and U. 
B)  G and U. 
C)  A and T. 
D)  T and U.

Question 20

In nature, the predominant form of DNA is supercoiled in a negative direction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 6: Molecular Biology of Bacteria

The precursor of each new nucleotide in a strand of DNA is a

One high- energy phosphate bond is required for the activation of an aminoacyl- tRNA.

Proteins known as chaperones are found only in Bacteria, and their sequences vary from organism to organism.

Discuss the initiation of DNA synthesis in Bacteria using the terms origin of replication, replication fork, and theta structures.

During DNA synthesis, the RNA primer is removed by a(n)

Sometimes it appears that bases in tRNA loops are actually paired with bases in other tRNA loops, which is not the case because pairing occurs exclusively within a given loop.

Explain how Escherichia coli can grow with a doubling time of 20 minutes when chromosome replication takes 40 minutes.

When several ribosomes are simultaneously translating a single mRNA molecule, the complex is called a(n)________ .

A triplet of bases on an mRNA molecule is known as a(n) ________.

Speculate on why the half- life of mRNA is short, while the half- lives of rRNA and tRNA are long.

Explain the difference between transcription and translation.

If a transcription unit contains two or more genes, these genes are then________, giving a single RNA molecule.

Which statement is generally TRUE regarding protein synthesis?

Ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and novobiocin are effective antibiotics because they inhibit the activity of

In Bacteria and most Archaea, the enzyme that introduces negative supercoils into DNA is known as

Explain the concept of semiconservative replication.

DNA replication always proceeds from the _________ of the incoming nucleotide to the _________ of the previously added nucleotide.

Define genome in terms of the various DNA components of the cell or virus.

An example of nucleotide pairing is

In nature, the predominant form of DNA is supercoiled in a negative direction.

Microorganisms and Microbiology

A Brief Journey to the Microbial World

Cell Structure and Function in Bacteria and Archaea

Nutrition, Culture, and Metabolism of Microorganisms

Microbial Growth

Archael and Eukaryotic Molecular Biology

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses and Virology

Genetics of Bacteria and Arachaea

Genetic Engineering

Microbial Genomics

Phototrophy, Chemolithotrophy, and Major Biosyntheses

Catabolism of Organic Compounds

Commercial Products and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Bacteria: the Proteobacteria

Other Bacteria

Archaea

Eukaryotic Cell Biology and Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Viral Diversity

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Major Microbial Habitats and Diversity

Nutrient Cycles, Biodegradation, and Bioremediation

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Growth Control

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Microbial Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Microbial Pathogens

Wastewater Treatment, Water Purification, and Waterborne Microbial Diseases

Food Preservation and Foodborne Microbial Diseases

Filters

DNA replication always proceeds from the _ of the incoming nucleotide to the _ of the previously added nucleotide.