Exam 6: Molecular Biology of Bacteria

Each adenine- thymine base pair has _________ hydrogen bonds, while each guanine- cytosine base pair has________ hydrogen bonds.

DNA synthesis occurs continuously on the________ strand, while on the________ strand DNA synthesis occurs discontinuously.

There are about _________ different tRNAs in bacterial cells and about________ in mammalian cells.

Bacterial proteins that kill closely related strains or species are collectively called________ , and the genes that encode for them are usually present on _________.

________is an enzyme that adds phosphodiester bonds between nicked regions of DNA.

Explain why a cell needs both type I and type II topoisomerases.

A transposable element is the general term for________ .

GTP provides energy for

In all cells a gene encodes for

Throughout the living world, the genetic code is generally universal; however, there are some slight variations.

Stop codons are also called________ codons.

In Bacteria, a chromosome can be distinguished from a plasmid, because by definition a chromosome is a genetic element whose genes encode for ________.

Transcription of chaperonins is greatly accelerated when a cell is stressed by

Inverted repeats can lead to stem- loop structures in the DNA molecule.

The sequence of three to nine nucleotides upstream of the start codon that helps bind the mRNA to the ribosome is known as the _________.

The process whereby RNA specifies a DNA sequence is known as

A DNA double helix occurs when _________ .

The twenty- first and twenty- second genetically encoded amino acids are _________ and________.

The artificial construction of a double- stranded nucleic acid by complementary base pairing of two single- stranded nucleic acids is known as________ .

Most prokaryotic genomes are double- stranded circular DNA.