Question 1

Which of the following situations occurs in electrically excitable cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  When Na+ ion channels open, K+ ion channels close. 
B)  The sodium-potassium pump moves sodium into the cell. 
C)  Depolarization causes voltage-gated sodium ion channels to open. 
D)  Sodium ion channels are opened by high extracellular calcium levels. 
E)  The opening and closing of ligand-gated channels cause depolarization. 
A)  When Na+ ion channels open, K+ ion channels close. 
B)  The sodium-potassium pump moves sodium into the cell. 
C)  Depolarization causes voltage-gated sodium ion channels to open. 
D)  Sodium ion channels are opened by high extracellular calcium levels. 
E)  The opening and closing of ligand-gated channels cause depolarization.

Question 2

-What does "C" represent on the diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  Myosin myofilament 
B)  Actin myofilament 
C)  Sarcomere 
D)  Z disk 
E)  Cross-bridge 
A)  Myosin myofilament 
B)  Actin myofilament 
C)  Sarcomere 
D)  Z disk 
E)  Cross-bridge

Question 3

When comparing smooth and skeletal muscle cells, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Smooth muscle cells have striations. 
B)  The myofilaments in smooth muscle do not form sarcomeres. 
C)  Smooth muscle cells are larger than skeletal muscle cells. 
D)  Smooth muscle has a lot of actin and myosin. 
E)  Smooth muscle cells are multinucleated. 
A)  Smooth muscle cells have striations. 
B)  The myofilaments in smooth muscle do not form sarcomeres. 
C)  Smooth muscle cells are larger than skeletal muscle cells. 
D)  Smooth muscle has a lot of actin and myosin. 
E)  Smooth muscle cells are multinucleated.

Question 4

Which of the following statements concerning smooth muscle is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It contains many sarcomeres. 
B)  Caveolae seem to take the place of the myofibrils. 
C)  A calcium-calmodulin complex initiates cross-bridge formation. 
D)  The cells are large and multinuclear. 
E)  It has a well-developed sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
A)  It contains many sarcomeres. 
B)  Caveolae seem to take the place of the myofibrils. 
C)  A calcium-calmodulin complex initiates cross-bridge formation. 
D)  The cells are large and multinuclear. 
E)  It has a well-developed sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Question 5

Multiple wave summation

Accepted Answer

A)  is a time during which the tissue cannot respond again. 
B)  results in complete and incomplete tetanus. 
C)  is a condition in which the muscle fiber only partially relaxes between contractions. 
D)  is a condition in which stimuli occur so rapidly that there are no intervening relaxations. 
E)  is a constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time. 
A)  is a time during which the tissue cannot respond again. 
B)  results in complete and incomplete tetanus. 
C)  is a condition in which the muscle fiber only partially relaxes between contractions. 
D)  is a condition in which stimuli occur so rapidly that there are no intervening relaxations. 
E)  is a constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time.

Question 6

Muscle hypertrophy results from increased numbers of

Accepted Answer

A)  myofibrils and sarcomeres. 
B)  muscle fibers. 
C)  motor units. 
D)  muscles. 
E)  muscle cells. 
A)  myofibrils and sarcomeres. 
B)  muscle fibers. 
C)  motor units. 
D)  muscles. 
E)  muscle cells.

Question 7

Treppe

Accepted Answer

A)  can contribute to improved muscle efficiency. 
B)  may be due to an increase in the level of Ca2+ around the myofibril. 
C)  is an example of a graded response. 
D)  is achieved during warm-up exercises. 
E)  All of these choices are correct. 
A)  can contribute to improved muscle efficiency. 
B)  may be due to an increase in the level of Ca2+ around the myofibril. 
C)  is an example of a graded response. 
D)  is achieved during warm-up exercises. 
E)  All of these choices are correct.

Question 8

Which of the following occurs during recovery from oxygen deficit?

Accepted Answer

A)  An elevated level of anaerobic metabolism 
B)  Depletion of reserves of creatine phosphate 
C)  Conversion of excess lactate to glucose 
D)  Glycogen degradation to provide creatine 
E)  Depressed level of aerobic respiration 
A)  An elevated level of anaerobic metabolism 
B)  Depletion of reserves of creatine phosphate 
C)  Conversion of excess lactate to glucose 
D)  Glycogen degradation to provide creatine 
E)  Depressed level of aerobic respiration

Question 9

Which type of muscle tissue is multinucleated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Skeletal muscle 
B)  Smooth muscle 
C)  Cardiac muscle 
D)  Both skeletal and cardiac muscle are correct. 
E)  Both cardiac and smooth muscle are correct. 
A)  Skeletal muscle 
B)  Smooth muscle 
C)  Cardiac muscle 
D)  Both skeletal and cardiac muscle are correct. 
E)  Both cardiac and smooth muscle are correct.

Question 10

Select the phrase that does not belong with the others.

Accepted Answer

A)  Muscle atrophy 
B)  Immobilization 
C)  Decrease in number of myofibrils 
D)  Loss of nerve stimulation 
E)  Increased vascularity 
A)  Muscle atrophy 
B)  Immobilization 
C)  Decrease in number of myofibrils 
D)  Loss of nerve stimulation 
E)  Increased vascularity

Question 11

Maureen is hiking in the cold, and to maintain homeostasis her body begins to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase heat loss from the skin. 
B)  release chemicals to initiate a high fever. 
C)  shiver. 
D)  reduce her blood pressure. 
E)  vasodilate vessels in her head and neck. 
A)  increase heat loss from the skin. 
B)  release chemicals to initiate a high fever. 
C)  shiver. 
D)  reduce her blood pressure. 
E)  vasodilate vessels in her head and neck.

Question 12

-The figure illustrates a detailed drawing of the neuromuscular junction. What does "E" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  Synaptic vesicles 
B)  Synaptic cleft 
C)  Sarcolemma 
D)  Presynaptic terminal 
E)  Postsynaptic membrane 
A)  Synaptic vesicles 
B)  Synaptic cleft 
C)  Sarcolemma 
D)  Presynaptic terminal 
E)  Postsynaptic membrane

Question 13

Which type of muscle tissue has cells that branch?

Accepted Answer

A)  Skeletal muscle 
B)  Smooth muscle 
C)  Cardiac muscle 
D)  Both skeletal and cardiac muscle are correct. 
E)  Both cardiac and smooth muscle are correct. 
A)  Skeletal muscle 
B)  Smooth muscle 
C)  Cardiac muscle 
D)  Both skeletal and cardiac muscle are correct. 
E)  Both cardiac and smooth muscle are correct.

Question 14

When skeletal muscle is producing CO2 and water while making ATP, which chemical processes could be active at this time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anaerobic respiration 
B)  Aerobic respiration 
C)  Both anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration are correct. 
A)  Anaerobic respiration 
B)  Aerobic respiration 
C)  Both anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration are correct.

Question 15

Muscular dystrophy is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  chronic muscle pain. 
B)  decreased size of muscle fibers. 
C)  spastic contractions of muscles. 
D)  replacement of muscle tissue by connective tissue. 
E)  hypertrophy of muscle tissue. 
A)  chronic muscle pain. 
B)  decreased size of muscle fibers. 
C)  spastic contractions of muscles. 
D)  replacement of muscle tissue by connective tissue. 
E)  hypertrophy of muscle tissue.

Question 16

The active sites to which cross-bridges attach are found on the

Accepted Answer

A)  sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  actin myofilaments. 
C)  Z disks. 
D)  T tubules. 
E)  myosin myofilaments. 
A)  sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  actin myofilaments. 
C)  Z disks. 
D)  T tubules. 
E)  myosin myofilaments.

Question 17

A cancer patient is told by their physician that their colon is lacking smooth muscle tone. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  The colon is developing action potentials too rapidly. 
B)  The colon has too many shallow invaginations of plasma membranes. 
C)  The colon is unable to maintain constant tension for sustained periods of time. 
D)  The intracellular cytoskeleton is overactive. 
A)  The colon is developing action potentials too rapidly. 
B)  The colon has too many shallow invaginations of plasma membranes. 
C)  The colon is unable to maintain constant tension for sustained periods of time. 
D)  The intracellular cytoskeleton is overactive.

Question 18

Which of the following is true concerning isotonic eccentric contraction?

Accepted Answer

A)  The muscle shortens, but tension remains constant. 
B)  The muscle lengthens, but tension remains constant. 
C)  The muscle tenses and shortens. 
D)  The muscle tenses, but length remains unchanged. 
E)  The muscle lengthens, and tension declines. 
A)  The muscle shortens, but tension remains constant. 
B)  The muscle lengthens, but tension remains constant. 
C)  The muscle tenses and shortens. 
D)  The muscle tenses, but length remains unchanged. 
E)  The muscle lengthens, and tension declines.

Question 19

Cardiac muscle cells are like skeletal muscle cells in that they both

Accepted Answer

A)  have striations. 
B)  depolarize as a result of Na+ and Ca2+ influxes. 
C)  possess intercalated disks. 
D)  lack sarcomeres. 
E)  are multinucleated. 
A)  have striations. 
B)  depolarize as a result of Na+ and Ca2+ influxes. 
C)  possess intercalated disks. 
D)  lack sarcomeres. 
E)  are multinucleated.

Question 20

Arrange these structures as they participate in excitation-contraction.

Accepted Answer

A)  T tubules, sarcolemma, Ca2+, sarcoplasmic reticulum 
B)  Ca2+, T tubules, sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum 
C)  Sarcolemma, T tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum, Ca2+ 
D)  Sarcoplasmic reticulum, Ca2+, T tubules, sarcolemma 
E)  Sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, Ca2+, T tubules 
A)  T tubules, sarcolemma, Ca2+, sarcoplasmic reticulum 
B)  Ca2+, T tubules, sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum 
C)  Sarcolemma, T tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum, Ca2+ 
D)  Sarcoplasmic reticulum, Ca2+, T tubules, sarcolemma 
E)  Sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, Ca2+, T tubules

Exam 9: Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Which of the following situations occurs in electrically excitable cells?

-What does "C" represent on the diagram?

When comparing smooth and skeletal muscle cells, which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following statements concerning smooth muscle is true?

Multiple wave summation

Muscle hypertrophy results from increased numbers of

Treppe

Which of the following occurs during recovery from oxygen deficit?

Which type of muscle tissue is multinucleated?

Select the phrase that does not belong with the others.

Maureen is hiking in the cold, and to maintain homeostasis her body begins to

-The figure illustrates a detailed drawing of the neuromuscular junction. What does "E" represent?

Which type of muscle tissue has cells that branch?

When skeletal muscle is producing CO2 and water while making ATP, which chemical processes could be active at this time?

Muscular dystrophy is characterized by

The active sites to which cross-bridges attach are found on the

A cancer patient is told by their physician that their colon is lacking smooth muscle tone. What does this mean?

Which of the following is true concerning isotonic eccentric contraction?

Cardiac muscle cells are like skeletal muscle cells in that they both

Arrange these structures as they participate in excitation-contraction.

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joint and Movement

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Filters

When skeletal muscle is producing CO₂ and water while making ATP, which chemical processes could be active at this time?