Question 1

The refractory period

Accepted Answer

A)  is the time during which the tissue cannot respond again. 
B)  results in complete and incomplete tetanus. 
C)  is the condition in which the muscle fiber only partially relaxes between contractions. 
D)  is the condition in which stimuli occur so rapidly that there are no intervening relaxations. 
E)  is the constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time. 
A)  is the time during which the tissue cannot respond again. 
B)  results in complete and incomplete tetanus. 
C)  is the condition in which the muscle fiber only partially relaxes between contractions. 
D)  is the condition in which stimuli occur so rapidly that there are no intervening relaxations. 
E)  is the constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time.

Question 2

A proper definition of muscle tone is

Accepted Answer

A)  constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time. 
B)  a feeling of well-being following exercise. 
C)  the ability of a muscle to maintain a contraction against an outside force. 
D)  muscles contracting together. 
E)  warm-up of muscle tissue. 
A)  constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time. 
B)  a feeling of well-being following exercise. 
C)  the ability of a muscle to maintain a contraction against an outside force. 
D)  muscles contracting together. 
E)  warm-up of muscle tissue.

Question 3

A muscle fiber will respond to a stimulus when that stimulus reaches the ________ level.

Accepted Answer

A)  threshold 
B)  relaxation 
C)  rigor mortis 
D)  recruitment 
E)  resting 
A)  threshold 
B)  relaxation 
C)  rigor mortis 
D)  recruitment 
E)  resting

Question 4

Myosin is also known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  thick myofilament. 
B)  thin myofilament. 
C)  intermediate myofilament. 
D)  short myofilament. 
E)  sarcomere. 
A)  thick myofilament. 
B)  thin myofilament. 
C)  intermediate myofilament. 
D)  short myofilament. 
E)  sarcomere.

Question 5

-The figure illustrates a detailed drawing of the neuromuscular junction. What does "A" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  Synaptic vesicles 
B)  Synaptic cleft 
C)  Sarcolemma 
D)  Presynaptic terminal 
E)  Postsynaptic membrane 
A)  Synaptic vesicles 
B)  Synaptic cleft 
C)  Sarcolemma 
D)  Presynaptic terminal 
E)  Postsynaptic membrane

Question 6

Hypertrophy of skeletal muscles from weight lifting is caused by an increase in the

Accepted Answer

A)  number of muscle fibers. 
B)  size of muscle fibers. 
C)  number of striations. 
D)  number of nuclei within the muscle fibers. 
E)  number of muscle cells. 
A)  number of muscle fibers. 
B)  size of muscle fibers. 
C)  number of striations. 
D)  number of nuclei within the muscle fibers. 
E)  number of muscle cells.

Question 7

Which type of muscle tissue possesses striations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Skeletal muscle 
B)  Smooth muscle 
C)  Cardiac muscle 
D)  Both skeletal and cardiac muscle are correct. 
E)  Both cardiac and smooth muscle are correct. 
A)  Skeletal muscle 
B)  Smooth muscle 
C)  Cardiac muscle 
D)  Both skeletal and cardiac muscle are correct. 
E)  Both cardiac and smooth muscle are correct.

Question 8

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The greater the overlap of actin and myosin, the stronger the contraction. 
B)  Overstretching a muscle will increase its tension. 
C)  Optimal actin and myosin overlap will produce maximal contraction. 
D)  The greatest amount of tension is achieved when actin and myosin do not overlap. 
E)  Tension is great when actin and myosin overlap as much as they can. 
A)  The greater the overlap of actin and myosin, the stronger the contraction. 
B)  Overstretching a muscle will increase its tension. 
C)  Optimal actin and myosin overlap will produce maximal contraction. 
D)  The greatest amount of tension is achieved when actin and myosin do not overlap. 
E)  Tension is great when actin and myosin overlap as much as they can.

Question 9

In order for excitation-contraction coupling to occur, the production of an action potential must occur within the ________ of a muscle fiber.

Accepted Answer

A)  contraction 
B)  junction 
C)  sarcolemma 
A)  contraction 
B)  junction 
C)  sarcolemma

Question 10

Alex is participating in a 50-meter dash. Predict the most important chemical process his muscles will rely on during this race.

Accepted Answer

A)  Aerobic respiration 
B)  Anaerobic respiration 
C)  Creatine phosphate breakdown 
D)  Nuclear reactions 
E)  Both anaerobic respiration and creatine phosphate breakdown are correct. 
A)  Aerobic respiration 
B)  Anaerobic respiration 
C)  Creatine phosphate breakdown 
D)  Nuclear reactions 
E)  Both anaerobic respiration and creatine phosphate breakdown are correct.

Question 11

Which of the following describes titin's roles in muscle contraction? (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Accounts for muscle's excitability 
B)  Accounts for muscle's extensibility and elasticity 
C)  Allows the sarcomere to recoil and stretch 
D)  Helps to hold the actin myofilaments in position 
A)  Accounts for muscle's excitability 
B)  Accounts for muscle's extensibility and elasticity 
C)  Allows the sarcomere to recoil and stretch 
D)  Helps to hold the actin myofilaments in position

Question 12

Aerobic respiration

Accepted Answer

A)  produces ATP molecules faster than anaerobic respiration. 
B)  yields as many as 36 ATP per glucose molecule metabolized. 
C)  occurs whether oxygen is present or not. 
D)  occurs entirely in the cytoplasm. 
E)  occurs in the ribosomes. 
A)  produces ATP molecules faster than anaerobic respiration. 
B)  yields as many as 36 ATP per glucose molecule metabolized. 
C)  occurs whether oxygen is present or not. 
D)  occurs entirely in the cytoplasm. 
E)  occurs in the ribosomes.

Question 13

Which of the following statements concerning fast-twitch muscle fibers is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They split ATP rapidly. 
B)  They have large deposits of myoglobin. 
C)  They are well adapted to aerobic metabolism. 
D)  They have a well-developed blood supply. 
E)  They have many mitochondria. 
A)  They split ATP rapidly. 
B)  They have large deposits of myoglobin. 
C)  They are well adapted to aerobic metabolism. 
D)  They have a well-developed blood supply. 
E)  They have many mitochondria.

Question 14

A volleyball player depends on the gastrocnemius muscles for plantar flexion, whereas a marathon runner depends more on the soleus muscles for the same action. What characteristic of the soleus muscles makes this so?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have smaller mitochondria. 
B)  They have more glycogen in them. 
C)  They don't have as many blood capillaries per gram of tissue. 
D)  They make more use of aerobic respiration. 
E)  They break ATP down to ADP and Pi faster. 
A)  They have smaller mitochondria. 
B)  They have more glycogen in them. 
C)  They don't have as many blood capillaries per gram of tissue. 
D)  They make more use of aerobic respiration. 
E)  They break ATP down to ADP and Pi faster.

Question 15

Aerobic exercise

Accepted Answer

A)  increases vascularity of muscle. 
B)  develops fatigue-resistant fast-twitch fibers. 
C)  can increase the efficiency of slow-twitch fibers. 
D)  can increase the number of mitochondria in muscle fibers. 
E)  All of these choices are correct. 
A)  increases vascularity of muscle. 
B)  develops fatigue-resistant fast-twitch fibers. 
C)  can increase the efficiency of slow-twitch fibers. 
D)  can increase the number of mitochondria in muscle fibers. 
E)  All of these choices are correct.

Question 16

-What does "A" represent on the diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  Myosin myofilament 
B)  Actin myofilament 
C)  Sarcomere 
D)  Z disk 
E)  Cross-bridge 
A)  Myosin myofilament 
B)  Actin myofilament 
C)  Sarcomere 
D)  Z disk 
E)  Cross-bridge

Question 17

Which of the following connective tissue layers is outside all the others?

Accepted Answer

A)  Perimysium 
B)  Endomysium 
C)  Epimysium 
D)  Paramysium 
E)  Sarcolemma 
A)  Perimysium 
B)  Endomysium 
C)  Epimysium 
D)  Paramysium 
E)  Sarcolemma

Question 18

Which of the following individuals would have more mitochondria in her skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 50-year-old sedentary computer programmer 
B)  A 22-year-old soccer player 
C)  A long-term hospice patient 
D)  A model on a reduced-calorie diet 
E)  A newborn 
A)  A 50-year-old sedentary computer programmer 
B)  A 22-year-old soccer player 
C)  A long-term hospice patient 
D)  A model on a reduced-calorie diet 
E)  A newborn

Question 19

A sustained muscle contraction is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  tetanus 
B)  tone 
C)  treppe 
D)  twitch 
E)  paralysis 
A)  tetanus 
B)  tone 
C)  treppe 
D)  twitch 
E)  paralysis

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT true of the latch state of smooth muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Myosin phosphatase removes the phosphate group from myosin. 
B)  It explains why smooth muscle can sustain tension for long periods of time. 
C)  It occurs when the phosphate is removed while the cross-bridges are attached to actin. 
D)  It occurs when the phosphate is removed while the cross-bridges are not attached to actin. 
E)  It allows contraction without a large energy expenditure. 
A)  Myosin phosphatase removes the phosphate group from myosin. 
B)  It explains why smooth muscle can sustain tension for long periods of time. 
C)  It occurs when the phosphate is removed while the cross-bridges are attached to actin. 
D)  It occurs when the phosphate is removed while the cross-bridges are not attached to actin. 
E)  It allows contraction without a large energy expenditure.

Exam 9: Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

The refractory period

A proper definition of muscle tone is

A muscle fiber will respond to a stimulus when that stimulus reaches the ________ level.

Myosin is also known as the

-The figure illustrates a detailed drawing of the neuromuscular junction. What does "A" represent?

Hypertrophy of skeletal muscles from weight lifting is caused by an increase in the

Which type of muscle tissue possesses striations?

Which of the following is true?

In order for excitation-contraction coupling to occur, the production of an action potential must occur within the ________ of a muscle fiber.

Alex is participating in a 50-meter dash. Predict the most important chemical process his muscles will rely on during this race.

Which of the following describes titin's roles in muscle contraction? (Check all that apply.)

Aerobic respiration

Which of the following statements concerning fast-twitch muscle fibers is true?

A volleyball player depends on the gastrocnemius muscles for plantar flexion, whereas a marathon runner depends more on the soleus muscles for the same action. What characteristic of the soleus muscles makes this so?

Aerobic exercise

-What does "A" represent on the diagram?

Which of the following connective tissue layers is outside all the others?

Which of the following individuals would have more mitochondria in her skeletal muscle?

A sustained muscle contraction is known as ________.

Which of the following is NOT true of the latch state of smooth muscle contraction?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joint and Movement

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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