Question 1

-What does "E" represent on the diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  Myosin myofilament 
B)  Actin myofilament 
C)  Sarcomere 
D)  Z disk 
E)  Cross-bridge 
A)  Myosin myofilament 
B)  Actin myofilament 
C)  Sarcomere 
D)  Z disk 
E)  Cross-bridge

Question 2

Which type of muscle tissue causes contraction of the heart?

Accepted Answer

A)  Skeletal muscle 
B)  Smooth muscle 
C)  Cardiac muscle 
A)  Skeletal muscle 
B)  Smooth muscle 
C)  Cardiac muscle

Question 3

Which of the following structures contains the other four items listed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Postsynaptic membrane 
B)  Presynaptic terminal 
C)  Synaptic cleft 
D)  Neuromuscular junction 
E)  Receptors on postsynaptic membrane 
A)  Postsynaptic membrane 
B)  Presynaptic terminal 
C)  Synaptic cleft 
D)  Neuromuscular junction 
E)  Receptors on postsynaptic membrane

Question 4

The time between application of the stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of contraction is called the ________ phase.

Accepted Answer

A)  contraction 
B)  relaxation 
C)  latent or lag 
D)  refractory 
E)  threshold 
A)  contraction 
B)  relaxation 
C)  latent or lag 
D)  refractory 
E)  threshold

Question 5

As you are lifting a box, someone places extra weight on top of it. For your muscle to continue contracting and lifting the box, the muscle must

Accepted Answer

A)  recruit more muscle fibers. 
B)  lower its threshold. 
C)  reduce its wave summation. 
D)  shift from isometric to isotonic contraction. 
E)  shift from slow-twitch to fast-twitch mode. 
A)  recruit more muscle fibers. 
B)  lower its threshold. 
C)  reduce its wave summation. 
D)  shift from isometric to isotonic contraction. 
E)  shift from slow-twitch to fast-twitch mode.

Question 6

T tubules are invaginations of the

Accepted Answer

A)  sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  sarcomere. 
C)  myofibril. 
D)  sarcoplasm. 
E)  sarcolemma. 
A)  sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  sarcomere. 
C)  myofibril. 
D)  sarcoplasm. 
E)  sarcolemma.

Question 7

Rigor mortis occurs after death because

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-bridges form but can't release. 
B)  Ca2+ is actively transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
C)  anaerobic respiration is occurring. 
D)  myosin levels decline at death. 
E)  cross-bridges never form. 
A)  cross-bridges form but can't release. 
B)  Ca2+ is actively transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
C)  anaerobic respiration is occurring. 
D)  myosin levels decline at death. 
E)  cross-bridges never form.

Question 8

Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle are similar in that they both

Accepted Answer

A)  are under involuntary control. 
B)  are striated. 
C)  are widely distributed in the body. 
D)  have multiple nuclei. 
E)  are under voluntary control. 
A)  are under involuntary control. 
B)  are striated. 
C)  are widely distributed in the body. 
D)  have multiple nuclei. 
E)  are under voluntary control.

Question 9

A sarcomere is the

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma membrane of a muscle fiber. 
B)  cytoplasm of a muscle fiber. 
C)  structural and functional unit of the skeletal muscle fiber. 
D)  contractile thread that extends the length of the muscle fiber. 
E)  protein strand composed of actin or myosin. 
A)  plasma membrane of a muscle fiber. 
B)  cytoplasm of a muscle fiber. 
C)  structural and functional unit of the skeletal muscle fiber. 
D)  contractile thread that extends the length of the muscle fiber. 
E)  protein strand composed of actin or myosin.

Question 10

Physiological contracture

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs when muscles are resting. 
B)  is a condition in which cross-bridges cannot release. 
C)  is caused by an abundance of ATP in muscle fibers. 
D)  results when muscles are well exercised. 
E)  results when the neurotransmitter remains in the receptor. 
A)  occurs when muscles are resting. 
B)  is a condition in which cross-bridges cannot release. 
C)  is caused by an abundance of ATP in muscle fibers. 
D)  results when muscles are well exercised. 
E)  results when the neurotransmitter remains in the receptor.

Question 11

List the following structures in order from smallest to largest.
(1) Muscle fiber
(2) Myofilament
(3) Myofibril
(4) Muscle fascicle

Accepted Answer

A)  4, 2, 3, 1 
B)  2, 1, 4, 3 
C)  3, 1, 4, 2 
D)  2, 3, 1, 4 
E)  1, 2, 3, 4 
A)  4, 2, 3, 1 
B)  2, 1, 4, 3 
C)  3, 1, 4, 2 
D)  2, 3, 1, 4 
E)  1, 2, 3, 4

Question 12

An isometric contraction is described as

Accepted Answer

A)  action potential frequency is high enough that no relaxation of muscle fibers occurs. 
B)  a muscle produces constant tension during contraction. 
C)  a muscle produces an increasing tension as the length remains constant. 
D)  a muscle produces increasing tension as it shortens. 
E)  a muscle produces tension, but the length of the muscle is increasing. 
A)  action potential frequency is high enough that no relaxation of muscle fibers occurs. 
B)  a muscle produces constant tension during contraction. 
C)  a muscle produces an increasing tension as the length remains constant. 
D)  a muscle produces increasing tension as it shortens. 
E)  a muscle produces tension, but the length of the muscle is increasing.

Question 13

Each ________ includes a Z disc and extends from each side of the Z disc to the ends of the myosin myofilaments.

Accepted Answer

A)  anisotropic band or A band 
B)  isotropic band or I band 
C)  muscle fiber 
D)  sarcomere 
A)  anisotropic band or A band 
B)  isotropic band or I band 
C)  muscle fiber 
D)  sarcomere

Question 14

-What does "D" represent on the diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  Myosin myofilament 
B)  Actin myofilament 
C)  Sarcomere 
D)  Z disk 
E)  Cross-bridge 
A)  Myosin myofilament 
B)  Actin myofilament 
C)  Sarcomere 
D)  Z disk 
E)  Cross-bridge

Question 15

Lack of acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft would result in

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in acetylcholine production by the motor neuron. 
B)  continuous stimulation of the postsynaptic membrane. 
C)  rapid degradation of acetylcholine. 
D)  relaxation of the muscle. 
E)  continuous stimulation of the presynaptic membrane. 
A)  a decrease in acetylcholine production by the motor neuron. 
B)  continuous stimulation of the postsynaptic membrane. 
C)  rapid degradation of acetylcholine. 
D)  relaxation of the muscle. 
E)  continuous stimulation of the presynaptic membrane.

Question 16

In order for muscle relaxation to occur,

Accepted Answer

A)  Ca2+ must be transported to troponin. 
B)  power strokes slow down. 
C)  the active sites on actin must be blocked. 
D)  Na+ must be actively transported to troponin. 
E)  the active sites on myosin must be uncovered. 
A)  Ca2+ must be transported to troponin. 
B)  power strokes slow down. 
C)  the active sites on actin must be blocked. 
D)  Na+ must be actively transported to troponin. 
E)  the active sites on myosin must be uncovered.

Question 17

A concentric contraction is described as

Accepted Answer

A)  action potential frequency is high enough that no relaxation of muscle fibers occurs. 
B)  a muscle produces constant tension during contraction. 
C)  a muscle produces an increasing tension during contraction. 
D)  a muscle produces increasing tension as it shortens. 
E)  a muscle produces tension, but the length of the muscle is increasing. 
A)  action potential frequency is high enough that no relaxation of muscle fibers occurs. 
B)  a muscle produces constant tension during contraction. 
C)  a muscle produces an increasing tension during contraction. 
D)  a muscle produces increasing tension as it shortens. 
E)  a muscle produces tension, but the length of the muscle is increasing.

Question 18

The training regimen of a competitive weight lifter is designed partly to

Accepted Answer

A)  convert certain muscles with parallel muscle fascicles into muscles with non-parallel muscle fascicles. 
B)  increase the average number of myofibrils per muscle fiber. 
C)  convert fast muscle fibers to slow muscle fibers. 
D)  increase the size of his motor units. 
E)  lower the threshold for muscle stimulation. 
A)  convert certain muscles with parallel muscle fascicles into muscles with non-parallel muscle fascicles. 
B)  increase the average number of myofibrils per muscle fiber. 
C)  convert fast muscle fibers to slow muscle fibers. 
D)  increase the size of his motor units. 
E)  lower the threshold for muscle stimulation.

Question 19

Which of the following conditions in muscle fibers would contribute to muscle fatigue?

Accepted Answer

A)  The emotional state of an individual 
B)  Depletion of ATP reserves 
C)  Inability of the motor neuron to produce sufficient quantities of acetylcholine 
D)  Depletion of neurotransmitter 
E)  Blocked receptors in the postsynaptic membrane 
A)  The emotional state of an individual 
B)  Depletion of ATP reserves 
C)  Inability of the motor neuron to produce sufficient quantities of acetylcholine 
D)  Depletion of neurotransmitter 
E)  Blocked receptors in the postsynaptic membrane

Question 20

-What does "B" represent on the diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  Myosin myofilament 
B)  Actin myofilament 
C)  Sarcomere 
D)  Z disk 
E)  Cross-bridge 
A)  Myosin myofilament 
B)  Actin myofilament 
C)  Sarcomere 
D)  Z disk 
E)  Cross-bridge

Exam 9: Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

-What does "E" represent on the diagram?

Which type of muscle tissue causes contraction of the heart?

Which of the following structures contains the other four items listed?

The time between application of the stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of contraction is called the ________ phase.

As you are lifting a box, someone places extra weight on top of it. For your muscle to continue contracting and lifting the box, the muscle must

T tubules are invaginations of the

Rigor mortis occurs after death because

Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle are similar in that they both

A sarcomere is the

Physiological contracture

List the following structures in order from smallest to largest. (1) Muscle fiber (2) Myofilament (3) Myofibril (4) Muscle fascicle

An isometric contraction is described as

Each ________ includes a Z disc and extends from each side of the Z disc to the ends of the myosin myofilaments.

-What does "D" represent on the diagram?

Lack of acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft would result in

In order for muscle relaxation to occur,

A concentric contraction is described as

The training regimen of a competitive weight lifter is designed partly to

Which of the following conditions in muscle fibers would contribute to muscle fatigue?

-What does "B" represent on the diagram?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joint and Movement

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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