Question 1

Complete tetanus

Accepted Answer

A)  is the time during which the tissue cannot respond again. 
B)  results in complete and incomplete tetanus. 
C)  is the condition in which the muscle fiber only partially relaxes between contractions. 
D)  is the condition in which stimuli occur so rapidly that there are no intervening relaxations. 
E)  is the constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time. 
A)  is the time during which the tissue cannot respond again. 
B)  results in complete and incomplete tetanus. 
C)  is the condition in which the muscle fiber only partially relaxes between contractions. 
D)  is the condition in which stimuli occur so rapidly that there are no intervening relaxations. 
E)  is the constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time.

Question 2

If one nerve stimulus arrives at a muscle fiber so soon that the fiber does NOT relax at all from the previous twitch, the most likely result will be ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fatigue 
B)  spasm 
C)  incomplete tetanus 
D)  complete tetanus 
E)  wave summation 
A)  fatigue 
B)  spasm 
C)  incomplete tetanus 
D)  complete tetanus 
E)  wave summation

Question 3

The sites where a chemical substance is transmitted from the presynaptic terminal of an axon to the postsynaptic membrane of a muscle fiber are called

Accepted Answer

A)  neuromuscular junctions. 
B)  sarcomeres. 
C)  myofilaments. 
D)  Z disks. 
E)  cell bodies of neurons. 
A)  neuromuscular junctions. 
B)  sarcomeres. 
C)  myofilaments. 
D)  Z disks. 
E)  cell bodies of neurons.

Question 4

Epimysium

Accepted Answer

A)  surrounds individual muscles. 
B)  separates muscle fibers. 
C)  connects muscles to bone. 
D)  is a type of muscle tissue. 
E)  is a type of nerve tissue. 
A)  surrounds individual muscles. 
B)  separates muscle fibers. 
C)  connects muscles to bone. 
D)  is a type of muscle tissue. 
E)  is a type of nerve tissue.

Question 5

Drugs called calcium channel blockers may be used to lower blood pressure by causing arteries to vasodilate. How do you suppose these drugs work?

Accepted Answer

A)  They prevent calcium from entering the sarcoplasmic reticulum of smooth muscle. 
B)  They stimulate the calcium pump in smooth muscle, thus removing calcium from the calmodulin. 
C)  They prevent calcium from exiting the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle. 
D)  They prevent calcium from entering cardiac muscle, thus slowing down the heart rate. 
E)  They prevent calcium from entering smooth muscle, thus allowing the muscle to relax. 
A)  They prevent calcium from entering the sarcoplasmic reticulum of smooth muscle. 
B)  They stimulate the calcium pump in smooth muscle, thus removing calcium from the calmodulin. 
C)  They prevent calcium from exiting the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle. 
D)  They prevent calcium from entering cardiac muscle, thus slowing down the heart rate. 
E)  They prevent calcium from entering smooth muscle, thus allowing the muscle to relax.

Question 6

Which of the following helps explain the increased tension seen in multiple wave summation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased motor unit recruitment 
B)  Increased concentration of Ca2+ around the myofibrils 
C)  Exposure of more active sites on myosin myofilaments 
D)  The breakdown of elastic elements in the cell 
E)  Decreased stimulus frequency 
A)  Increased motor unit recruitment 
B)  Increased concentration of Ca2+ around the myofibrils 
C)  Exposure of more active sites on myosin myofilaments 
D)  The breakdown of elastic elements in the cell 
E)  Decreased stimulus frequency

Question 7

Which of the following are reasons that shivering raises body temperature? (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Shivering decreases warm blood flow to the core while increasing flow to the muscles. 
B)  Shivering depresses metabolism. 
C)  Shivering increases heat production up to 18 times that of resting levels. 
D)  The process of muscle contraction produces heat. 
A)  Shivering decreases warm blood flow to the core while increasing flow to the muscles. 
B)  Shivering depresses metabolism. 
C)  Shivering increases heat production up to 18 times that of resting levels. 
D)  The process of muscle contraction produces heat.

Question 8

The plasma membrane of an excitable cell is more permeable to K+ because

Accepted Answer

A)  of its positive electrical charge. 
B)  there are more leak ion channels for K+ than Na+. 
C)  protein molecules cannot exit through the plasma membrane. 
D)  calcium ions block Na+ and Cl- channels. 
E)  there are more gated channels for K+. 
A)  of its positive electrical charge. 
B)  there are more leak ion channels for K+ than Na+. 
C)  protein molecules cannot exit through the plasma membrane. 
D)  calcium ions block Na+ and Cl- channels. 
E)  there are more gated channels for K+.

Question 9

An eccentric contraction is described as

Accepted Answer

A)  action potential frequency is high enough that no relaxation of muscle fibers occurs. 
B)  a muscle produces constant tension during contraction. 
C)  a muscle produces an increasing tension during contraction. 
D)  a muscle produces increasing tension as it shortens. 
E)  a muscle produces tension, but the length of the muscle is increasing. 
A)  action potential frequency is high enough that no relaxation of muscle fibers occurs. 
B)  a muscle produces constant tension during contraction. 
C)  a muscle produces an increasing tension during contraction. 
D)  a muscle produces increasing tension as it shortens. 
E)  a muscle produces tension, but the length of the muscle is increasing.

Question 10

Synaptic vesicles in the neuromuscular junction contain

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium. 
B)  ATP. 
C)  acetylcholine. 
D)  acetylcholinesterase. 
E)  sodium. 
A)  calcium. 
B)  ATP. 
C)  acetylcholine. 
D)  acetylcholinesterase. 
E)  sodium.

Question 11

After contraction has occurred, the Ca2+ are

Accepted Answer

A)  destroyed by cholinesterase. 
B)  chemically bound to the cross bridges. 
C)  secreted by the Golgi apparatus to the outside of the cell. 
D)  released from troponin. 
E)  returned to the sarcolemma. 
A)  destroyed by cholinesterase. 
B)  chemically bound to the cross bridges. 
C)  secreted by the Golgi apparatus to the outside of the cell. 
D)  released from troponin. 
E)  returned to the sarcolemma.

Question 12

Which type of muscle tissue causes peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Skeletal muscle 
B)  Smooth muscle 
C)  Cardiac muscle 
A)  Skeletal muscle 
B)  Smooth muscle 
C)  Cardiac muscle

Question 13

-The figure illustrates a detailed drawing of the neuromuscular junction. What does "C" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  Synaptic vesicles 
B)  Synaptic cleft 
C)  Sarcolemma 
D)  Presynaptic terminal 
E)  Postsynaptic membrane 
A)  Synaptic vesicles 
B)  Synaptic cleft 
C)  Sarcolemma 
D)  Presynaptic terminal 
E)  Postsynaptic membrane

Question 14

Muscle myofibrils

Accepted Answer

A)  are found in the sarcolemma. 
B)  extend from the sarcolemma to the T-tubule. 
C)  contain myosin and actin myofilaments. 
D)  hold muscle fibers together. 
E)  do not appear striated. 
A)  are found in the sarcolemma. 
B)  extend from the sarcolemma to the T-tubule. 
C)  contain myosin and actin myofilaments. 
D)  hold muscle fibers together. 
E)  do not appear striated.

Question 15

Athletes who train at high altitudes increase their red blood cell count, which increases their oxygen supply during exercise. Increased oxygen supply results in

Accepted Answer

A)  increased glycolysis. 
B)  increased use of myokinase. 
C)  longer aerobic respiration. 
D)  longer anaerobic respiration. 
E)  reduced ATP consumption. 
A)  increased glycolysis. 
B)  increased use of myokinase. 
C)  longer aerobic respiration. 
D)  longer anaerobic respiration. 
E)  reduced ATP consumption.

Question 16

Oxygen deficit represents

Accepted Answer

A)  the amount anaerobic metabolism must increase after exercise. 
B)  the amount of O2 converted to lactate during exercise. 
C)  the amount of CO2 that cells need to eliminate. 
D)  conversion of pyruvate to lactate. 
E)  the amount of O2 that cells need to replenish ATP supplies after exercise. 
A)  the amount anaerobic metabolism must increase after exercise. 
B)  the amount of O2 converted to lactate during exercise. 
C)  the amount of CO2 that cells need to eliminate. 
D)  conversion of pyruvate to lactate. 
E)  the amount of O2 that cells need to replenish ATP supplies after exercise.

Question 17

A drug that interferes with the active transport of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasm back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum would result in

Accepted Answer

A)  relaxation of the muscle fiber. 
B)  contraction with no relaxation. 
C)  muscle hypertrophy. 
D)  fibrosis of the muscle. 
E)  an imbalance of blood calcium. 
A)  relaxation of the muscle fiber. 
B)  contraction with no relaxation. 
C)  muscle hypertrophy. 
D)  fibrosis of the muscle. 
E)  an imbalance of blood calcium.

Question 18

Which type of muscle tissue would cause flexion and extension of the arm?

Accepted Answer

A)  Skeletal muscle 
B)  Smooth muscle 
C)  Cardiac muscle 
A)  Skeletal muscle 
B)  Smooth muscle 
C)  Cardiac muscle

Question 19

Which muscle(s) can contract without the need for nervous stimulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Skeletal muscle only 
B)  Smooth muscle only 
C)  Cardiac muscle only 
D)  Smooth and cardiac muscle 
E)  Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle 
A)  Skeletal muscle only 
B)  Smooth muscle only 
C)  Cardiac muscle only 
D)  Smooth and cardiac muscle 
E)  Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle

Question 20

Which of the following is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  I band - contains only actin 
B)  M line - middle of the H zone 
C)  Z disk - structure between adjacent sarcomeres 
D)  Myosin myofilaments - thin myofilaments 
E)  Actin myofilaments - thin myofilaments 
A)  I band - contains only actin 
B)  M line - middle of the H zone 
C)  Z disk - structure between adjacent sarcomeres 
D)  Myosin myofilaments - thin myofilaments 
E)  Actin myofilaments - thin myofilaments

Exam 9: Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Complete tetanus

If one nerve stimulus arrives at a muscle fiber so soon that the fiber does NOT relax at all from the previous twitch, the most likely result will be ________.

The sites where a chemical substance is transmitted from the presynaptic terminal of an axon to the postsynaptic membrane of a muscle fiber are called

Epimysium

Drugs called calcium channel blockers may be used to lower blood pressure by causing arteries to vasodilate. How do you suppose these drugs work?

Which of the following helps explain the increased tension seen in multiple wave summation?

Which of the following are reasons that shivering raises body temperature? (Check all that apply.)

The plasma membrane of an excitable cell is more permeable to K+ because

An eccentric contraction is described as

Synaptic vesicles in the neuromuscular junction contain

After contraction has occurred, the Ca2+ are

Which type of muscle tissue causes peristalsis?

-The figure illustrates a detailed drawing of the neuromuscular junction. What does "C" represent?

Muscle myofibrils

Athletes who train at high altitudes increase their red blood cell count, which increases their oxygen supply during exercise. Increased oxygen supply results in

Oxygen deficit represents

A drug that interferes with the active transport of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasm back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum would result in

Which type of muscle tissue would cause flexion and extension of the arm?

Which muscle(s) can contract without the need for nervous stimulation?

Which of the following is mismatched?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joint and Movement

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Filters

The plasma membrane of an excitable cell is more permeable to K⁺ because

After contraction has occurred, the Ca²⁺ are

A drug that interferes with the active transport of Ca²⁺ from the sarcoplasm back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum would result in