Question 1

Parathyroid glands are composed of spherical follicles similar to the thyroid gland.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The embryonic origin of the posterior pituitary gland is

Accepted Answer

A)  epithelium from the oral cavity. 
B)  nervous tissue from the area of the hypothalamus. 
C)  an outpocket of the nasal cavity. 
D)  glandular tissue from the cerebrum. 
A)  epithelium from the oral cavity. 
B)  nervous tissue from the area of the hypothalamus. 
C)  an outpocket of the nasal cavity. 
D)  glandular tissue from the cerebrum.

Question 3

In addition to testosterone and estrogen, reproductive organs (testes and ovaries) also produce the hormone ________, which decreases the production of FSH.

Accepted Answer

A)  relaxin 
B)  thyroxine 
C)  insulin 
D)  parathyroid hormone 
E)  inhibin 
A)  relaxin 
B)  thyroxine 
C)  insulin 
D)  parathyroid hormone 
E)  inhibin

Question 4

Julie was diagnosed with an aggressive tumor of the thyroid. Surgery was performed to remove the thyroid. However, post-operatively, Julie's blood Ca2+ levels began declining to life-threatening levels. This decline is most likely due to

Accepted Answer

A)  thyroid hormone replacement therapy after the surgery. 
B)  damage to the anterior pituitary during surgery. 
C)  accidental removal of the parathyroid glands during surgery. 
D)  improper laboratory handling of blood samples. 
E)  post-traumatic stress disorder. 
A)  thyroid hormone replacement therapy after the surgery. 
B)  damage to the anterior pituitary during surgery. 
C)  accidental removal of the parathyroid glands during surgery. 
D)  improper laboratory handling of blood samples. 
E)  post-traumatic stress disorder.

Question 5

Insulin is necessary for the satiety center to detect the presence of glucose in extracellular fluid. When insulin levels are low

Accepted Answer

A)  the person feels "full" or satisfied. 
B)  the person is intensely hungry. 
C)  the person is thirsty. 
D)  the person is sleepy. 
E)  there is no effect on hunger or satiety feelings. 
A)  the person feels "full" or satisfied. 
B)  the person is intensely hungry. 
C)  the person is thirsty. 
D)  the person is sleepy. 
E)  there is no effect on hunger or satiety feelings.

Question 6

Which of the following are released by damaged tissues and function as intercellular autocrine or paracrine signals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aldosterone 
B)  Epinephrine 
C)  Erythropoietin 
D)  Norepinephrine 
E)  Prostaglandins 
A)  Aldosterone 
B)  Epinephrine 
C)  Erythropoietin 
D)  Norepinephrine 
E)  Prostaglandins

Question 7

The main hormone of the male reproductive system is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  luteinizing hormone 
B)  testosterone 
C)  progesterone 
D)  follicle-stimulating hormone 
A)  luteinizing hormone 
B)  testosterone 
C)  progesterone 
D)  follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 8

Anterior pituitary hormones

Accepted Answer

A)  are all proteins or glycoproteins. 
B)  are transported in the hypothalamohypophysial portal system. 
C)  bind to intracellular receptor molecules. 
D)  have a half-life of hours. 
E)  are released as a direct result of action potentials. 
A)  are all proteins or glycoproteins. 
B)  are transported in the hypothalamohypophysial portal system. 
C)  bind to intracellular receptor molecules. 
D)  have a half-life of hours. 
E)  are released as a direct result of action potentials.

Question 9

Match the hormone with the best description.
-Testosterone

Accepted Answer

A) Aids in spermatogenesis 
B) Inhibits FSH secretion 
C) Menstrual cycle 
D) Increases flexibility of connective tissue 
A) Aids in spermatogenesis 
B) Inhibits FSH secretion 
C) Menstrual cycle 
D) Increases flexibility of connective tissue

Question 10

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH (antidiuretic hormone) 
B)  TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) 
C)  CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone) 
D)  FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) 
E)  Oxytocin 
A)  ADH (antidiuretic hormone) 
B)  TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) 
C)  CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone) 
D)  FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) 
E)  Oxytocin

Question 11

The ________ pituitary is a neural extension of the hypothalamus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ pituitary is a neural extension...

Question 12

Thyroid hormone interacts with its target tissue by

Accepted Answer

A)  using the intracellular mediator system. 
B)  binding to a membrane bound receptor. 
C)  increasing I- uptake in the target cells. 
D)  releasing thyroglobulin. 
E)  binding to receptor molecules in the nucleus. 
A)  using the intracellular mediator system. 
B)  binding to a membrane bound receptor. 
C)  increasing I- uptake in the target cells. 
D)  releasing thyroglobulin. 
E)  binding to receptor molecules in the nucleus.

Question 13

ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is secreted in response to

Accepted Answer

A)  overhydration. 
B)  increased volume of the body fluids. 
C)  increased osmotic pressure of the body fluids. 
D)  high blood pressure. 
E)  increased blood volume. 
A)  overhydration. 
B)  increased volume of the body fluids. 
C)  increased osmotic pressure of the body fluids. 
D)  high blood pressure. 
E)  increased blood volume.

Question 14

Releasing hormones

Accepted Answer

A)  travel through axons to the posterior pituitary. 
B)  increase anterior pituitary secretion. 
C)  cause action potentials to be generated by anterior pituitary cells. 
D)  decrease secretions of the anterior pituitary. 
A)  travel through axons to the posterior pituitary. 
B)  increase anterior pituitary secretion. 
C)  cause action potentials to be generated by anterior pituitary cells. 
D)  decrease secretions of the anterior pituitary.

Question 15

The hypothalamohypophysial portal system carries hormones from the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  anterior pituitary to the hypothalamus 
B)  posterior pituitary to the hypothalamus 
C)  hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary 
D)  hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary 
E)  anterior pituitary to posterior pituitary 
A)  anterior pituitary to the hypothalamus 
B)  posterior pituitary to the hypothalamus 
C)  hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary 
D)  hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary 
E)  anterior pituitary to posterior pituitary

Question 16

Match the cell type with the hormone produced by that cell type.
-Follicular cells of thyroid

Accepted Answer

A) Mineralocorticoids 
B) PTH 
C) Insulin 
D) ADH 
E) T3 
A) Mineralocorticoids 
B) PTH 
C) Insulin 
D) ADH 
E) T3

Question 17

The glucocorticoids

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulate gluconeogenesis. 
B)  increase the inflammatory response. 
C)  supplement the sex hormones from the gonads. 
D)  decrease synthesis of glycogen. 
E)  stimulate glycogenolysis. 
A)  stimulate gluconeogenesis. 
B)  increase the inflammatory response. 
C)  supplement the sex hormones from the gonads. 
D)  decrease synthesis of glycogen. 
E)  stimulate glycogenolysis.

Question 18

Match the endocrine gland with the hormone it secretes.
-Pancreas

Accepted Answer

A) Glucagon 
B) Progesterone 
C) Cortisol 
D) T3 
E) Prolactin 
A) Glucagon 
B) Progesterone 
C) Cortisol 
D) T3 
E) Prolactin

Question 19

The embryonic origin of the anterior pituitary gland is

Accepted Answer

A)  epithelium from the oral cavity. 
B)  nervous tissue from the area of the hypothalamus. 
C)  an outpocket of the nasal cavity. 
D)  glandular tissue from the cerebrum. 
A)  epithelium from the oral cavity. 
B)  nervous tissue from the area of the hypothalamus. 
C)  an outpocket of the nasal cavity. 
D)  glandular tissue from the cerebrum.

Question 20

Thromboxane is a chemical mediator released by platelets. Thromboxane promotes the aggregation of platelets which results in platelet plug formation during hemostasis. Thromboxane would therefore be classified as a/an ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  neurotransmitter 
B)  paracrine chemical messenger 
C)  endorphin 
D)  enkephalin 
E)  autocrine chemical messenger 
A)  neurotransmitter 
B)  paracrine chemical messenger 
C)  endorphin 
D)  enkephalin 
E)  autocrine chemical messenger

Exam 18: Endocrine Glands

Parathyroid glands are composed of spherical follicles similar to the thyroid gland.

The embryonic origin of the posterior pituitary gland is

In addition to testosterone and estrogen, reproductive organs (testes and ovaries) also produce the hormone ________, which decreases the production of FSH.

Julie was diagnosed with an aggressive tumor of the thyroid. Surgery was performed to remove the thyroid. However, post-operatively, Julie's blood Ca2+ levels began declining to life-threatening levels. This decline is most likely due to

Insulin is necessary for the satiety center to detect the presence of glucose in extracellular fluid. When insulin levels are low

Which of the following are released by damaged tissues and function as intercellular autocrine or paracrine signals?

The main hormone of the male reproductive system is ________.

Anterior pituitary hormones

Match the hormone with the best description. -Testosterone

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the anterior pituitary?

The ________ pituitary is a neural extension of the hypothalamus.

Thyroid hormone interacts with its target tissue by

ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is secreted in response to

Releasing hormones

The hypothalamohypophysial portal system carries hormones from the ________.

Match the cell type with the hormone produced by that cell type. -Follicular cells of thyroid

The glucocorticoids

Match the endocrine gland with the hormone it secretes. -Pancreas

The embryonic origin of the anterior pituitary gland is

Thromboxane is a chemical mediator released by platelets. Thromboxane promotes the aggregation of platelets which results in platelet plug formation during hemostasis. Thromboxane would therefore be classified as a/an ________.

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joint and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Filters

Julie was diagnosed with an aggressive tumor of the thyroid. Surgery was performed to remove the thyroid. However, post-operatively, Julie's blood Ca²⁺ levels began declining to life-threatening levels. This decline is most likely due to