Question 1

Aerenchyma is found in the:

Accepted Answer

A) cortex. 
B) pericycle. 
C) phloem. 
D) xylem. 
E) epidermis. 
A) cortex. 
B) pericycle. 
C) phloem. 
D) xylem. 
E) epidermis.

Question 2

The ______ occupies the greatest area of the primary root.

Accepted Answer

A) epidermis 
B) xylem 
C) phloem 
D) pericycle 
E) cortex 
A) epidermis 
B) xylem 
C) phloem 
D) pericycle 
E) cortex

Question 3

Lenticels are found in the periderm and permit the passage of air.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Substances moving through the root cortex:

Accepted Answer

A) follow a symplastic pathway only. 
B) follow an apoplastic pathway only. 
C) follow both symplastic and apoplastic pathways. 
D) are unable to travel via cell walls. 
E) are unable to pass through plasmodesmata. 
A) follow a symplastic pathway only. 
B) follow an apoplastic pathway only. 
C) follow both symplastic and apoplastic pathways. 
D) are unable to travel via cell walls. 
E) are unable to pass through plasmodesmata.

Question 5

In most trees, 10 percent of their roots are located in the upper 2 feet of soil.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Endodermal cells that do not become suberized in older roots are called ______ cells.

Accepted Answer

A) epidermal 
B) exodermal 
C) Casparian 
D) transfer 
E) passage 
A) epidermal 
B) exodermal 
C) Casparian 
D) transfer 
E) passage

Question 7

As the vascular cambium continues to divide during secondary growth of the root, most of the primary phloem:

Accepted Answer

A) is crushed. 
B) is pushed inward. 
C) remains where it was produced. 
D) differentiates into pericycle. 
E) differentiates into xylem. 
A) is crushed. 
B) is pushed inward. 
C) remains where it was produced. 
D) differentiates into pericycle. 
E) differentiates into xylem.

Question 8

In an "open type" of root apical meristem, all regions arise from one group of initials.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The vascular cambium is initiated by cells:

Accepted Answer

A) of the pericycle. 
B) of the endodermis. 
C) in the center of the vascular cylinder. 
D) opposite the protoxylem poles. 
E) between the primary xylem and primary phloem. 
A) of the pericycle. 
B) of the endodermis. 
C) in the center of the vascular cylinder. 
D) opposite the protoxylem poles. 
E) between the primary xylem and primary phloem.

Question 10

The quiescent center contains cells that cease to divide when bordering meristematic cells are injured.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following statements about supernumerary cambia in sugarbeet roots is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) They are types of additional cambia. 
B) They are arranged in concentric rings. 
C) They produce storage parenchyma. 
D) They produce phloem toward the inside and xylem toward the outside. 
E) They are responsible for most of the increase in thickness. 
A) They are types of additional cambia. 
B) They are arranged in concentric rings. 
C) They produce storage parenchyma. 
D) They produce phloem toward the inside and xylem toward the outside. 
E) They are responsible for most of the increase in thickness.

Question 12

In roots, cork cambium arises in the:

Accepted Answer

A) procambium. 
B) phloem. 
C) xylem. 
D) endodermis. 
E) pericycle. 
A) procambium. 
B) phloem. 
C) xylem. 
D) endodermis. 
E) pericycle.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about feeder roots is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) They are usually found in the lower 15 centimeters of soil. 
B) They are actively engaged in water uptake. 
C) They are actively engaged in nutrient uptake. 
D) They can be heavily infected with mycorrhizal fungi. 
E) They are also called fine roots. 
A) They are usually found in the lower 15 centimeters of soil. 
B) They are actively engaged in water uptake. 
C) They are actively engaged in nutrient uptake. 
D) They can be heavily infected with mycorrhizal fungi. 
E) They are also called fine roots.

Question 14

Immediately inside the cells of the cork cambium is:

Accepted Answer

A) cork. 
B) cortex. 
C) phelloderm. 
D) endodermis. 
E) pericycle. 
A) cork. 
B) cortex. 
C) phelloderm. 
D) endodermis. 
E) pericycle.

Question 15

In a woody root one meter in diameter, which tissue would NOT be present?

Accepted Answer

A) primary xylem 
B) secondary xylem 
C) secondary phloem 
D) epidermis 
E) cork 
A) primary xylem 
B) secondary xylem 
C) secondary phloem 
D) epidermis 
E) cork

Question 16

All substances entering the vascular cylinder must pass through living cells of the endodermis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Root hairs are produced in the:

Accepted Answer

A) region of cell division. 
B) region of elongation. 
C) region of maturation. 
D) quiescent center. 
E) area between the regions of cell division and elongation. 
A) region of cell division. 
B) region of elongation. 
C) region of maturation. 
D) quiescent center. 
E) area between the regions of cell division and elongation.

Question 18

The outermost layer of a root's vascular cylinder is the:

Accepted Answer

A) pericycle. 
B) protoxylem. 
C) metaxylem. 
D) phloem. 
E) endodermis. 
A) pericycle. 
B) protoxylem. 
C) metaxylem. 
D) phloem. 
E) endodermis.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about monocot roots is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) The root system is generally shallower than in eudicots. 
B) The main root system has one prominent root. 
C) The roots form a fibrous root system. 
D) The main root system develops from roots arising from the stem. 
E) The primary root is short-lived. 
A) The root system is generally shallower than in eudicots. 
B) The main root system has one prominent root. 
C) The roots form a fibrous root system. 
D) The main root system develops from roots arising from the stem. 
E) The primary root is short-lived.

Question 20

An example of the developmental plasticity of roots is the rapid development of lateral roots into nutrient-rich soil.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 24: The Root: Structure and Development

Aerenchyma is found in the:

The ______ occupies the greatest area of the primary root.

Lenticels are found in the periderm and permit the passage of air.

Substances moving through the root cortex:

In most trees, 10 percent of their roots are located in the upper 2 feet of soil.

Endodermal cells that do not become suberized in older roots are called ______ cells.

As the vascular cambium continues to divide during secondary growth of the root, most of the primary phloem:

In an "open type" of root apical meristem, all regions arise from one group of initials.

The vascular cambium is initiated by cells:

The quiescent center contains cells that cease to divide when bordering meristematic cells are injured.

Which of the following statements about supernumerary cambia in sugarbeet roots is FALSE?

In roots, cork cambium arises in the:

Which of the following statements about feeder roots is FALSE?

Immediately inside the cells of the cork cambium is:

In a woody root one meter in diameter, which tissue would NOT be present?

All substances entering the vascular cylinder must pass through living cells of the endodermis.

Root hairs are produced in the:

The outermost layer of a root's vascular cylinder is the:

Which of the following statements about monocot roots is FALSE?

An example of the developmental plasticity of roots is the rapid development of lateral roots into nutrient-rich soil.

Botany: an Introduction

The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle

The Movement of Substances Into and Out of Cells

The Flow of Energy

Respiration

Photosynthesis, Light, and Life

Sexual Reproduction and Heredity

The Chemistry of Heredity and Gene Expression

Recombinant Dna Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Genomics

The Process of Evolution

Systematics: the Science of Biological Diversity

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Fungi

Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms

Introduction to the Angiosperms

Evolution of the Angiosperms

Plants and People

Early Development of the Plant Body

Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development

Secondary Growth in Stems

Regulating Growth and Development: the Plant Hormones

External Factors and Plant Growth

Plant Nutrition and Soils

The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants

The Dynamics of Communities and Ecosystems

Global Ecology

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