Question 1

A cladogram indicates which group gave rise to other groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

If you analyze the neutral mutations from two groups and find there are few differences in their nucleotide sequences, you would logically conclude that the two groups:

Accepted Answer

A) belong to the same species. 
B) belong to different species. 
C) diverged relatively recently from a common ancestor. 
D) diverged relatively long ago from a common ancestor. 
E) belong to a monophyletic taxon. 
A) belong to the same species. 
B) belong to different species. 
C) diverged relatively recently from a common ancestor. 
D) diverged relatively long ago from a common ancestor. 
E) belong to a monophyletic taxon. C

Question 3

Water molds and slime molds are included in the _____ group.

Accepted Answer

A) fungus 
B) protist 
C) animal 
D) archaean 
E) plant 
A) fungus 
B) protist 
C) animal 
D) archaean 
E) plant B

Question 4

Which of the following statements concerning the rcbL gene is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) It is useful for resolving relationships between closely related genera. 
B) It is present in all photosynthetic eukaryotes and cyanobacteria. 
C) It is a rapidly evolving gene. 
D) It is a single-copy gene. 
E) It encodes the large subunit of the Rubisco enzyme. 
A) It is useful for resolving relationships between closely related genera. 
B) It is present in all photosynthetic eukaryotes and cyanobacteria. 
C) It is a rapidly evolving gene. 
D) It is a single-copy gene. 
E) It encodes the large subunit of the Rubisco enzyme.

Question 5

Taxonomically, a supergroup lies between a kingdom and a phylum.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A multicellular organism that ingests its food belongs to the kingdom:

Accepted Answer

A) Protista. 
B) Monera. 
C) Animalia. 
D) Plantae. 
E) Eukarya. 
A) Protista. 
B) Monera. 
C) Animalia. 
D) Plantae. 
E) Eukarya.

Question 7

The DNA barcode used for animals is _____, and for plants the DNA barcode is ______.

Accepted Answer

A) CO1 or matK; CO1 
B) CO1 or rbcL; CO1. 
C) rbcL or matK; CO1 
D) CO1; CO1 
E) CO1; rbcL or matK 
A) CO1 or matK; CO1 
B) CO1 or rbcL; CO1. 
C) rbcL or matK; CO1 
D) CO1; CO1 
E) CO1; rbcL or matK

Question 8

In a cladogram, groups that terminate in adjacent branches are called:

Accepted Answer

A) nodes. 
B) derived groups. 
C) synapomorphies. 
D) sister groups. 
E) outgroups. 
A) nodes. 
B) derived groups. 
C) synapomorphies. 
D) sister groups. 
E) outgroups.

Question 9

Chloroplast DNA is unique in that it lacks inverted repeats.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

In the Vorticella/Chlorella endosymbiosis:

Accepted Answer

A) Vorticella functions as the endomembrane system for Chlorella. 
B) Chlorella provides minerals for Vorticella. 
C) Chlorella functions as a chloroplast in Vorticella. 
D) Vorticella functions as a mitochondrion in Chlorella. 
E) Chlorella provides photosynthetic products for Vorticella. 
A) Vorticella functions as the endomembrane system for Chlorella. 
B) Chlorella provides minerals for Vorticella. 
C) Chlorella functions as a chloroplast in Vorticella. 
D) Vorticella functions as a mitochondrion in Chlorella. 
E) Chlorella provides photosynthetic products for Vorticella.

Question 11

The endomembrane system of plant cells most likely evolved from:

Accepted Answer

A) a chloroplast. 
B) a mitochondrion. 
C) a lysosome. 
D) portions of the plasma membrane. 
E) portions of the vacuole. 
A) a chloroplast. 
B) a mitochondrion. 
C) a lysosome. 
D) portions of the plasma membrane. 
E) portions of the vacuole.

Question 12

Viridiophytes is a clade containing the green algae, mosses, and vascular plants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following statements concerning the use of molecular data in systematics is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Molecular data are easier to quantify than traditional data. 
B) Molecular data provide more characters for analysis that traditional data. 
C) Molecular data allow comparisons of morphologically different organisms. 
D) Molecular data permit comparisons of organisms at the level of the gene. 
E) Molecular data concerning the amino acid sequences of proteins are the most widely used. 
A) Molecular data are easier to quantify than traditional data. 
B) Molecular data provide more characters for analysis that traditional data. 
C) Molecular data allow comparisons of morphologically different organisms. 
D) Molecular data permit comparisons of organisms at the level of the gene. 
E) Molecular data concerning the amino acid sequences of proteins are the most widely used.

Question 14

The rule of parsimony states that:

Accepted Answer

A) analogous features should be given more importance than homologous features. 
B) cladograms should be constructed in the least complicated way. 
C) character states are distinguished from one another by comparison with outgroups. 
D) adjacent branches should terminate in a node. 
E) phylogenetic relationships should be based on ancestral character states. 
A) analogous features should be given more importance than homologous features. 
B) cladograms should be constructed in the least complicated way. 
C) character states are distinguished from one another by comparison with outgroups. 
D) adjacent branches should terminate in a node. 
E) phylogenetic relationships should be based on ancestral character states.

Question 15

Multicellular eukaryotes that have an embryo during the sporophyte phase belong to the kingdom:

Accepted Answer

A) Fungi. 
B) Protista. 
C) Eukarya. 
D) Archaea. 
E) Plantae. 
A) Fungi. 
B) Protista. 
C) Eukarya. 
D) Archaea. 
E) Plantae.

Question 16

The domain is the highest taxonomic category.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Neutral mutations:

Accepted Answer

A) are not helpful in systematics. 
B) can be used to determine changes occurring in homologous genes since lineages diverged. 
C) have accumulated over time as the result of natural selection. 
D) have accumulated at a highly changeable rate over evolutionary time. 
E) account for a very small percentage of the variation in homologous genes in different groups of organisms. 
A) are not helpful in systematics. 
B) can be used to determine changes occurring in homologous genes since lineages diverged. 
C) have accumulated over time as the result of natural selection. 
D) have accumulated at a highly changeable rate over evolutionary time. 
E) account for a very small percentage of the variation in homologous genes in different groups of organisms.

Question 18

According to the serial endosymbiotic theory, chloroplasts evolved from:

Accepted Answer

A) bacteria. 
B) protists. 
C) fungi. 
D) plasmids. 
E) portions of the plasma membrane. 
A) bacteria. 
B) protists. 
C) fungi. 
D) plasmids. 
E) portions of the plasma membrane.

Question 19

_____ are a paraphyletic group of eukaryotic organisms that are unicellular, colonial or multicellular.

Accepted Answer

A) Fungi 
B) Protists 
C) Animals 
D) Bacteria 
E) Plants 
A) Fungi 
B) Protists 
C) Animals 
D) Bacteria 
E) Plants

Question 20

One clear evolutionary trend in the vascular plants is the increasing dominance of:

Accepted Answer

A) the sporophyte. 
B) the gametophyte. 
C) zygotic meiosis. 
D) gametic meiosis. 
E) isomorphic life cycles. 
A) the sporophyte. 
B) the gametophyte. 
C) zygotic meiosis. 
D) gametic meiosis. 
E) isomorphic life cycles.

Exam 12: Systematics: the Science of Biological Diversity

A cladogram indicates which group gave rise to other groups.

If you analyze the neutral mutations from two groups and find there are few differences in their nucleotide sequences, you would logically conclude that the two groups:

Water molds and slime molds are included in the _____ group.

Which of the following statements concerning the rcbL gene is FALSE?

Taxonomically, a supergroup lies between a kingdom and a phylum.

A multicellular organism that ingests its food belongs to the kingdom:

The DNA barcode used for animals is _____, and for plants the DNA barcode is ______.

In a cladogram, groups that terminate in adjacent branches are called:

Chloroplast DNA is unique in that it lacks inverted repeats.

In the Vorticella/Chlorella endosymbiosis:

The endomembrane system of plant cells most likely evolved from:

Viridiophytes is a clade containing the green algae, mosses, and vascular plants.

Which of the following statements concerning the use of molecular data in systematics is FALSE?

The rule of parsimony states that:

Multicellular eukaryotes that have an embryo during the sporophyte phase belong to the kingdom:

The domain is the highest taxonomic category.

Neutral mutations:

According to the serial endosymbiotic theory, chloroplasts evolved from:

_____ are a paraphyletic group of eukaryotic organisms that are unicellular, colonial or multicellular.

One clear evolutionary trend in the vascular plants is the increasing dominance of:

Botany: an Introduction

The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle

The Movement of Substances Into and Out of Cells

The Flow of Energy

Respiration

Photosynthesis, Light, and Life

Sexual Reproduction and Heredity

The Chemistry of Heredity and Gene Expression

Recombinant Dna Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Genomics

The Process of Evolution

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Fungi

Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms

Introduction to the Angiosperms

Evolution of the Angiosperms

Plants and People

Early Development of the Plant Body

Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

The Root: Structure and Development

The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development

Secondary Growth in Stems

Regulating Growth and Development: the Plant Hormones

External Factors and Plant Growth

Plant Nutrition and Soils

The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants

The Dynamics of Communities and Ecosystems

Global Ecology

Filters

The DNA barcode used for animals is _, and for plants the DNA barcode is __.