Question 1

When a growing root is oriented horizontally, the amyloplasts in the central column of the rootcap:

Accepted Answer

A) slide downward. 
B) float upward. 
C) attach to the nuclear envelope. 
D) attach to the mitochondria. 
E) do not move. 
A) slide downward. 
B) float upward. 
C) attach to the nuclear envelope. 
D) attach to the mitochondria. 
E) do not move. A

Question 2

The floral stimulus can move across a graft as well as through agar.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

In the shoot, the gravity-sensing cells are called statoliths.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Compared with similar plants growing in full sunlight, plants growing in the shade of other vegetation:

Accepted Answer

A) receive more red light and less far-red light. 
B) are usually shorter. 
C) receive more wavelengths below 700 nanometers than above. 
D) have a reduced red/far-red ratio. 
E) receive more reflected light and less transmitted light. 
A) receive more red light and less far-red light. 
B) are usually shorter. 
C) receive more wavelengths below 700 nanometers than above. 
D) have a reduced red/far-red ratio. 
E) receive more reflected light and less transmitted light.

Question 5

In terms of the circadian clock, gating refers to the observation that stimuli of _____ strength employed at different times of the day can result in ______ intensity of response.

Accepted Answer

A) different; a smaller 
B) different; the same 
C) different; different 
D) equal; the same 
E) equal; a different 
A) different; a smaller 
B) different; the same 
C) different; different 
D) equal; the same 
E) equal; a different

Question 6

Winter rye is usually planted in the ______, and it flowers in the ______.

Accepted Answer

A) early spring; summer 
B) early spring; autumn 
C) early spring; winter 
D) summer; following spring 
E) autumn; following summer 
A) early spring; summer 
B) early spring; autumn 
C) early spring; winter 
D) summer; following spring 
E) autumn; following summer

Question 7

An etiolated eudicot seedling:

Accepted Answer

A) has a short stem. 
B) has small leaves. 
C) is green. 
D) lacks plastids. 
E) cannot undergo further growth. 
A) has a short stem. 
B) has small leaves. 
C) is green. 
D) lacks plastids. 
E) cannot undergo further growth.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about Pr and Pfr is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) They are photoreceptors. 
B) They participate in photoconversion reactions. 
C) Pr is the biologically active form. 
D) Pr absorbs 660-nanometer light. 
E) Pfr absorbs 730-nanometer light. 
A) They are photoreceptors. 
B) They participate in photoconversion reactions. 
C) Pr is the biologically active form. 
D) Pr absorbs 660-nanometer light. 
E) Pfr absorbs 730-nanometer light.

Question 9

Seed dormancy can usually be overcome by placing the seeds in a warm, moist environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Light with a wavelength of about ______ nanometers is the most effective for interrupting the dark period of both short-day and long-day plants.

Accepted Answer

A) 220 
B) 340 
C) 440 
D) 660 
E) 730 
A) 220 
B) 340 
C) 440 
D) 660 
E) 730

Question 11

Experiments using 14C-labeled auxin indicate that light causes the destruction of auxin in coleoptiles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

In Mimosa pudica, movement of leaflets involves all of the following changes in cells of the pulvinus EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) accumulation of sucrose unloaded from the phloem. 
B) an influx of potassium ions from the apoplast. 
C) a change in turgor pressure. 
D) an efflux of water. 
E) a decrease in water potential. 
A) accumulation of sucrose unloaded from the phloem. 
B) an influx of potassium ions from the apoplast. 
C) a change in turgor pressure. 
D) an efflux of water. 
E) a decrease in water potential.

Question 13

An example of thigmotropism is the twisting growth of tendrils.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

In roots and shoots, the statoliths are:

Accepted Answer

A) chloroplasts. 
B) amyloplasts. 
C) plasma membranes. 
D) cell walls. 
E) lignified cells. 
A) chloroplasts. 
B) amyloplasts. 
C) plasma membranes. 
D) cell walls. 
E) lignified cells.

Question 15

If lettuce seeds are exposed first to red light followed immediately by exposure to far-red light the seeds will germinate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

In temperate regions, the acclimation of buds is initiated primarily by decreasing ______, and it produces ______.

Accepted Answer

A) daylength; cold hardiness 
B) temperature; cold hardiness 
C) moisture; moisture resistance 
D) levels of growth inhibitors; early flowering 
E) numbers of bud scales; early flowering 
A) daylength; cold hardiness 
B) temperature; cold hardiness 
C) moisture; moisture resistance 
D) levels of growth inhibitors; early flowering 
E) numbers of bud scales; early flowering

Question 17

If a leaf is given an inductive cycle and then removed immediately the plant _____, but if the leaf is removed several hours after photoinduction, then the plant _______.

Accepted Answer

A) won't flower; won't flower 
B) will flower; won't flower 
C) won't flower; will flower 
D) won't be vernalized; will be vernalized 
E) will be vernalized; won't be vernalized 
A) won't flower; won't flower 
B) will flower; won't flower 
C) won't flower; will flower 
D) won't be vernalized; will be vernalized 
E) will be vernalized; won't be vernalized

Question 18

Suppose lettuce seeds are exposed to a series of alternating flashes of red light (abbreviated R) and far-red light (abbreviated FR).(E.g., a flash of red light followed by a flash of far-red light is denoted as R→RF.) Which of the following series of flashes would result in the germination of those seeds?

Accepted Answer

A) FR only 
B) R→FR 
C) R→FR →R→FR 
D) R →FR→R→FR→R 
E) R→FR→R→FR→R→FR 
A) FR only 
B) R→FR 
C) R→FR →R→FR 
D) R →FR→R→FR→R 
E) R→FR→R→FR→R→FR

Question 19

In Arabidopsis, the floral stimulus is produced in companion cells of leaves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

When phytochromes interact with PIF proteins, what happens next?

Accepted Answer

A) The PIF proteins bind DNA. 
B) The PIF proteins enter the endoplasmic reticulum. 
C) The PIF proteins enter the nucleus. 
D) The PIF proteins are degraded. 
E) The PIF proteins are polymerized. 
A) The PIF proteins bind DNA. 
B) The PIF proteins enter the endoplasmic reticulum. 
C) The PIF proteins enter the nucleus. 
D) The PIF proteins are degraded. 
E) The PIF proteins are polymerized.

Exam 28: External Factors and Plant Growth

When a growing root is oriented horizontally, the amyloplasts in the central column of the rootcap:

The floral stimulus can move across a graft as well as through agar.

In the shoot, the gravity-sensing cells are called statoliths.

Compared with similar plants growing in full sunlight, plants growing in the shade of other vegetation:

In terms of the circadian clock, gating refers to the observation that stimuli of _____ strength employed at different times of the day can result in ______ intensity of response.

Winter rye is usually planted in the ______, and it flowers in the ______.

An etiolated eudicot seedling:

Which of the following statements about Pr and Pfr is FALSE?

Seed dormancy can usually be overcome by placing the seeds in a warm, moist environment.

Light with a wavelength of about ______ nanometers is the most effective for interrupting the dark period of both short-day and long-day plants.

Experiments using 14C-labeled auxin indicate that light causes the destruction of auxin in coleoptiles.

In Mimosa pudica, movement of leaflets involves all of the following changes in cells of the pulvinus EXCEPT:

An example of thigmotropism is the twisting growth of tendrils.

In roots and shoots, the statoliths are:

If lettuce seeds are exposed first to red light followed immediately by exposure to far-red light the seeds will germinate.

In temperate regions, the acclimation of buds is initiated primarily by decreasing ______, and it produces ______.

If a leaf is given an inductive cycle and then removed immediately the plant _____, but if the leaf is removed several hours after photoinduction, then the plant _______.

In Arabidopsis, the floral stimulus is produced in companion cells of leaves.

When phytochromes interact with PIF proteins, what happens next?

Botany: an Introduction

The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle

The Movement of Substances Into and Out of Cells

The Flow of Energy

Respiration

Photosynthesis, Light, and Life

Sexual Reproduction and Heredity

The Chemistry of Heredity and Gene Expression

Recombinant Dna Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Genomics

The Process of Evolution

Systematics: the Science of Biological Diversity

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Fungi

Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms

Introduction to the Angiosperms

Evolution of the Angiosperms

Plants and People

Early Development of the Plant Body

Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

The Root: Structure and Development

The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development

Secondary Growth in Stems

Regulating Growth and Development: the Plant Hormones

Plant Nutrition and Soils

The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants

The Dynamics of Communities and Ecosystems

Global Ecology

Filters

In terms of the circadian clock, gating refers to the observation that stimuli of _ strength employed at different times of the day can result in __ intensity of response.

Winter rye is usually planted in the , and it flowers in the .

Which of the following statements about P_r and P_fr is FALSE?

Experiments using ¹⁴C-labeled auxin indicate that light causes the destruction of auxin in coleoptiles.

In temperate regions, the acclimation of buds is initiated primarily by decreasing , and it produces .

If a leaf is given an inductive cycle and then removed immediately the plant _, but if the leaf is removed several hours after photoinduction, then the plant ___.