Question 1

Chromatin consists of:

Accepted Answer

A) DNA only. 
B) histones only. 
C) DNA and histones only. 
D) histones and other proteins only. 
E) DNA, histones, and other proteins. 
A) DNA only. 
B) histones only. 
C) DNA and histones only. 
D) histones and other proteins only. 
E) DNA, histones, and other proteins. E

Question 2

Cytoplasmic inheritance refers to genes located in mitochondria or plastids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

A testcross involves crossing an individual dominant for a particular trait with an individual heterozygous for that trait.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

A population of organisms that has four alleles for a given gene is said to have:

Accepted Answer

A) self-sterility genes. 
B) multiple alleles. 
C) continuous variation. 
D) polygenic inheritance. 
E) incomplete dominance. 
A) self-sterility genes. 
B) multiple alleles. 
C) continuous variation. 
D) polygenic inheritance. 
E) incomplete dominance.

Question 5

In a population of diploid organisms there can be only two alleles for each gene.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Alleles occupy different loci on homologous chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

When a trait exhibits continuous variation in a population of organisms, it most likely is due to:

Accepted Answer

A) one gene having multiple effects. 
B) one allele not completely masking another allele. 
C) several alleles of the same gene interacting. 
D) one gene masking the effect of another gene. 
E) several different genes interacting. 
A) one gene having multiple effects. 
B) one allele not completely masking another allele. 
C) several alleles of the same gene interacting. 
D) one gene masking the effect of another gene. 
E) several different genes interacting.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about asexual reproduction is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) It is also known as vegetative reproduction. 
B) It results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent. 
C) It is common in higher plants. 
D) Many plants reproduce asexually and sexually. 
E) It increases the ability of a population to adapt to differing conditions. 
A) It is also known as vegetative reproduction. 
B) It results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent. 
C) It is common in higher plants. 
D) Many plants reproduce asexually and sexually. 
E) It increases the ability of a population to adapt to differing conditions.

Question 9

When you say that a plant is Gg for a particular trait you are referring to the genotype.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The term "phenotype" refers to the appearance of an individual.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

A plasmid is part of the main bacterial chromosome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

If a red-flowered plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant and the offspring all have pink flowers, then most likely this is due to incomplete dominance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Consider the two traits, seed shape and seed color.R represents the allele for round seeds, r the allele for wrinkled seeds, Y the allele for yellow seeds, and y the allele for green seeds.Which of the following indicates a cross between a plant heterozygous for both traits and a plant homozygous recessive for both traits?

Accepted Answer

A) Ry × ry 
B) Rryy × rryy 
C) Rryy × Rryy 
D) RrYy × Rryy 
E) RrYy × rryy 
A) Ry × ry 
B) Rryy × rryy 
C) Rryy × Rryy 
D) RrYy × Rryy 
E) RrYy × rryy

Question 14

If we say that the phenotype of an individual is purple, we are saying that:

Accepted Answer

A) the appearance of the individual is purple. 
B) the genetic constitution of the individual is purple. 
C) the individual is homozygous. 
D) the individual is heterozygous. 
E) purple is the dominant allele. 
A) the appearance of the individual is purple. 
B) the genetic constitution of the individual is purple. 
C) the individual is homozygous. 
D) the individual is heterozygous. 
E) purple is the dominant allele.

Question 15

In peas, green pod color is dominant over yellow pod color.If a plant heterozygous for pod color is crossed with a plant homozygous recessive for pod color, what phenotypes would you expect in the offspring?

Accepted Answer

A) all with green pods 
B) all with yellow pods 
C) half with green pods and half with yellow pods 
D) three-quarters with green pods and 1/4 with yellow pods 
E) one-quarter with green pods and 3/4 with yellow pods 
A) all with green pods 
B) all with yellow pods 
C) half with green pods and half with yellow pods 
D) three-quarters with green pods and 1/4 with yellow pods 
E) one-quarter with green pods and 3/4 with yellow pods

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the synaptonemal complex is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) It forms just before prophase. 
B) It is associated with the formation of bivalents. 
C) It connects the axial cores of homologs. 
D) It disappears during prophase I. 
E) It is associated with crossing-over. 
A) It forms just before prophase. 
B) It is associated with the formation of bivalents. 
C) It connects the axial cores of homologs. 
D) It disappears during prophase I. 
E) It is associated with crossing-over.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about sexual reproduction is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) It is the principal mode of reproduction in prokaryotes. 
B) Some eukaryotes do not reproduce sexually. 
C) It involves the reduction of chromosome number. 
D) It involves syngamy. 
E) It involves a regular alternation between meiosis and fertilization. 
A) It is the principal mode of reproduction in prokaryotes. 
B) Some eukaryotes do not reproduce sexually. 
C) It involves the reduction of chromosome number. 
D) It involves syngamy. 
E) It involves a regular alternation between meiosis and fertilization.

Question 18

Polyploidy refers to the:

Accepted Answer

A) loss of part of a chromosome. 
B) gain of part of a chromosome. 
C) gain or loss of some chromosomes. 
D) gain of a complete set of chromosomes. 
E) loss of a complete set of chromosomes. 
A) loss of part of a chromosome. 
B) gain of part of a chromosome. 
C) gain or loss of some chromosomes. 
D) gain of a complete set of chromosomes. 
E) loss of a complete set of chromosomes.

Question 19

Which of the following statements concerning mutations is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Mutations may have favorable, unfavorable, or neutral effects. 
B) In haploid organisms, the phenotype associated with a mutation is immediately exposed to the environment. 
C) In diploid organisms, a mutation in one homolog may have less effect than if it occurred in both homologs. 
D) Mutations provide the raw materials for evolutionary change. 
E) The mutation rate in eukaryotes is about one mutant gene at a given locus per 2000 cell divisions. 
A) Mutations may have favorable, unfavorable, or neutral effects. 
B) In haploid organisms, the phenotype associated with a mutation is immediately exposed to the environment. 
C) In diploid organisms, a mutation in one homolog may have less effect than if it occurred in both homologs. 
D) Mutations provide the raw materials for evolutionary change. 
E) The mutation rate in eukaryotes is about one mutant gene at a given locus per 2000 cell divisions.

Question 20

Mendel became famous during his lifetime for his work that marked the beginning of modern genetics.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 8: Sexual Reproduction and Heredity

Chromatin consists of:

Cytoplasmic inheritance refers to genes located in mitochondria or plastids.

A testcross involves crossing an individual dominant for a particular trait with an individual heterozygous for that trait.

A population of organisms that has four alleles for a given gene is said to have:

In a population of diploid organisms there can be only two alleles for each gene.

Alleles occupy different loci on homologous chromosomes.

When a trait exhibits continuous variation in a population of organisms, it most likely is due to:

Which of the following statements about asexual reproduction is FALSE?

When you say that a plant is Gg for a particular trait you are referring to the genotype.

The term "phenotype" refers to the appearance of an individual.

A plasmid is part of the main bacterial chromosome.

If a red-flowered plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant and the offspring all have pink flowers, then most likely this is due to incomplete dominance.

If we say that the phenotype of an individual is purple, we are saying that:

In peas, green pod color is dominant over yellow pod color.If a plant heterozygous for pod color is crossed with a plant homozygous recessive for pod color, what phenotypes would you expect in the offspring?

Which of the following statements about the synaptonemal complex is FALSE?

Which of the following statements about sexual reproduction is FALSE?

Polyploidy refers to the:

Which of the following statements concerning mutations is FALSE?

Mendel became famous during his lifetime for his work that marked the beginning of modern genetics.

Botany: an Introduction

The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle

The Movement of Substances Into and Out of Cells

The Flow of Energy

Respiration

Photosynthesis, Light, and Life

The Chemistry of Heredity and Gene Expression

Recombinant Dna Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Genomics

The Process of Evolution

Systematics: the Science of Biological Diversity

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Fungi

Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms

Introduction to the Angiosperms

Evolution of the Angiosperms

Plants and People

Early Development of the Plant Body

Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

The Root: Structure and Development

The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development

Secondary Growth in Stems

Regulating Growth and Development: the Plant Hormones

External Factors and Plant Growth

Plant Nutrition and Soils

The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants

The Dynamics of Communities and Ecosystems

Global Ecology

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