Question 1

Prop roots are types of lateral roots common in tropical trees.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The innermost layer of the cortex is the:

Accepted Answer

A) pericycle. 
B) xylem. 
C) epidermis. 
D) endodermis. 
E) pith. 
A) pericycle. 
B) xylem. 
C) epidermis. 
D) endodermis. 
E) pith.

Question 3

Cells of the root cap columella secrete a highly hydrated polysaccharide called mucilage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

A pneumatophore is:

Accepted Answer

A) produced by below-ground structures. 
B) negatively gravitropic. 
C) produced by trees growing in dry habitats. 
D) produced by trees growing in well-drained soil. 
E) also called an aerial root. 
A) produced by below-ground structures. 
B) negatively gravitropic. 
C) produced by trees growing in dry habitats. 
D) produced by trees growing in well-drained soil. 
E) also called an aerial root.

Question 5

In roots, the vascular cambium arises from the:

Accepted Answer

A) procambium only. 
B) endodermis only. 
C) pericycle only. 
D) procambium and pericycle only. 
E) procambium, endodermis, and pericycle. 
A) procambium only. 
B) endodermis only. 
C) pericycle only. 
D) procambium and pericycle only. 
E) procambium, endodermis, and pericycle.

Question 6

In roots, cells of the pericycle contribute to the cork cambium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The two primary functions of roots are:

Accepted Answer

A) conduction and protection. 
B) storage and conduction. 
C) anchorage and storage. 
D) anchorage and absorption. 
E) anchorage and conduction. 
A) conduction and protection. 
B) storage and conduction. 
C) anchorage and storage. 
D) anchorage and absorption. 
E) anchorage and conduction.

Question 8

When a seed germinates, the __________ is the first structure to emerge.

Accepted Answer

A) plumule 
B) root 
C) hypocotyl 
D) epicotyl 
E) cotyledon 
A) plumule 
B) root 
C) hypocotyl 
D) epicotyl 
E) cotyledon

Question 9

The root systems of eudicots are well suited to preventing soil erosion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The protoxylem poles are located next to the:

Accepted Answer

A) pith. 
B) cortex. 
C) pericycle. 
D) exodermis. 
E) endodermis. 
A) pith. 
B) cortex. 
C) pericycle. 
D) exodermis. 
E) endodermis.

Question 11

If you placed your hand on the outer surface of a root that is one meter in diameter, you would be touching:

Accepted Answer

A) epidermis. 
B) cork. 
C) phelloderm. 
D) proliferated pericycle. 
E) cortex. 
A) epidermis. 
B) cork. 
C) phelloderm. 
D) proliferated pericycle. 
E) cortex.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about Casparian strips is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) They are found in the anticlinal walls of endodermal cells. 
B) They are permeable to water but not to ions. 
C) They are band-like portions of the cell wall and middle lamella. 
D) They contain suberin. 
E) The do not contain plasmodesmata. 
A) They are found in the anticlinal walls of endodermal cells. 
B) They are permeable to water but not to ions. 
C) They are band-like portions of the cell wall and middle lamella. 
D) They contain suberin. 
E) The do not contain plasmodesmata.

Question 13

Lateral roots originate from cells of the vascular cambium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Most likely epidermis would be present in a 10-year-old woody root.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

If "fine roots" are damaged or destroyed, they cannot be replaced.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The terms "diarch" and "triarch" refer to the number of xylem ridges in a root's vascular cylinder.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Gravity- and water-potential gradients are perceived by the:

Accepted Answer

A) root apical meristem. 
B) root hairs. 
C) columella. 
D) lateral rootcap. 
E) border cells. 
A) root apical meristem. 
B) root hairs. 
C) columella. 
D) lateral rootcap. 
E) border cells.

Question 18

The presence of Casparian strips forces substances entering and leaving the vascular cylinder to pass through the protoplasts of ______ cells.

Accepted Answer

A) endodermal 
B) epidermal 
C) pericycle 
D) xylem 
E) phloem 
A) endodermal 
B) epidermal 
C) pericycle 
D) xylem 
E) phloem

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the rootcap is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) It secretes mucilage. 
B) Its peripheral cells are released as it grows through the soil. 
C) Its peripheral cells are not replaced. 
D) It helps the root penetrate the soil. 
E) It protects the root apical meristem. 
A) It secretes mucilage. 
B) Its peripheral cells are released as it grows through the soil. 
C) Its peripheral cells are not replaced. 
D) It helps the root penetrate the soil. 
E) It protects the root apical meristem.

Question 20

The promeristem of the root:

Accepted Answer

A) is composed of initials but not derivatives. 
B) is the most distal part of the apical meristem. 
C) is the most determined part of the apical meristem. 
D) is characterized by few-sided cells with nondense cytoplasm. 
E) is composed of relatively large cells with small nuclei. 
A) is composed of initials but not derivatives. 
B) is the most distal part of the apical meristem. 
C) is the most determined part of the apical meristem. 
D) is characterized by few-sided cells with nondense cytoplasm. 
E) is composed of relatively large cells with small nuclei.

Exam 24: The Root: Structure and Development

Prop roots are types of lateral roots common in tropical trees.

The innermost layer of the cortex is the:

Cells of the root cap columella secrete a highly hydrated polysaccharide called mucilage.

A pneumatophore is:

In roots, the vascular cambium arises from the:

In roots, cells of the pericycle contribute to the cork cambium.

The two primary functions of roots are:

When a seed germinates, the __________ is the first structure to emerge.

The root systems of eudicots are well suited to preventing soil erosion.

The protoxylem poles are located next to the:

If you placed your hand on the outer surface of a root that is one meter in diameter, you would be touching:

Which of the following statements about Casparian strips is FALSE?

Lateral roots originate from cells of the vascular cambium.

Most likely epidermis would be present in a 10-year-old woody root.

If "fine roots" are damaged or destroyed, they cannot be replaced.

The terms "diarch" and "triarch" refer to the number of xylem ridges in a root's vascular cylinder.

Gravity- and water-potential gradients are perceived by the:

The presence of Casparian strips forces substances entering and leaving the vascular cylinder to pass through the protoplasts of ______ cells.

Which of the following statements about the rootcap is FALSE?

The promeristem of the root:

Botany: an Introduction

The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle

The Movement of Substances Into and Out of Cells

The Flow of Energy

Respiration

Photosynthesis, Light, and Life

Sexual Reproduction and Heredity

The Chemistry of Heredity and Gene Expression

Recombinant Dna Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Genomics

The Process of Evolution

Systematics: the Science of Biological Diversity

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Fungi

Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms

Introduction to the Angiosperms

Evolution of the Angiosperms

Plants and People

Early Development of the Plant Body

Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development

Secondary Growth in Stems

Regulating Growth and Development: the Plant Hormones

External Factors and Plant Growth

Plant Nutrition and Soils

The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants

The Dynamics of Communities and Ecosystems

Global Ecology

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