Question 1

The body's inability to conserve water and sodium when affected by Addison's disease is explained by which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elevated levels of cortisol 
B)  Decreased levels of ACTH 
C)  Hypersecretion of ADH 
D)  Aldosterone deficiency 
A)  Elevated levels of cortisol 
B)  Decreased levels of ACTH 
C)  Hypersecretion of ADH 
D)  Aldosterone deficiency

Question 2

What common neurological disturbances should the nurse assess for in a patient with a pituitary adenoma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Coma 
B)  Visual disturbances 
C)  Confused states 
D)  Breathing abnormalities 
A)  Coma 
B)  Visual disturbances 
C)  Confused states 
D)  Breathing abnormalities

Question 3

Visual disturbances are a common occurrence in patients with untreated Graves' disease. Why do these disturbances take place?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is decreased blood flow to the eye. 
B)  Orbital edema and protrusion of the eyeball occurs. 
C)  TSH neurotoxicity to retinal cells takes place. 
D)  Local lactic acidosis develops. 
A)  There is decreased blood flow to the eye. 
B)  Orbital edema and protrusion of the eyeball occurs. 
C)  TSH neurotoxicity to retinal cells takes place. 
D)  Local lactic acidosis develops.

Question 4

A 19-year-old female with type 1 DM was admitted to the hospital with the following laboratory values: serum glucose 20 mmol/L (high), urine glucose and ketones 4+ (high), and arterial pH 7.20 (low). Her parents state that she has been sick with the "flu" for a week. Which of the following statements best explains her acidotic state?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased insulin levels promote protein breakdown and ketone formation. 
B)  Her uncontrolled diabetes has led to kidney failure. 
C)  Low serum insulin promotes lipid storage and a corresponding release of ketones. 
D)  Insulin deficiency promotes lipid metabolism and ketone formation. 
A)  Increased insulin levels promote protein breakdown and ketone formation. 
B)  Her uncontrolled diabetes has led to kidney failure. 
C)  Low serum insulin promotes lipid storage and a corresponding release of ketones. 
D)  Insulin deficiency promotes lipid metabolism and ketone formation.

Question 5

Which assessment result would the nurse expect to find associated with a patient diagnosed with Graves' disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  High levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating autoantibodies 
B)  Ectopic secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 
C)  Low circulating levels of thyroid hormones 
D)  Increased circulation of iodine 
A)  High levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating autoantibodies 
B)  Ectopic secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 
C)  Low circulating levels of thyroid hormones 
D)  Increased circulation of iodine

Question 6

A 44-year-old patient with pulmonary tuberculosis is evaluated for SIADH. Which assessment finding would support this diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Peripheral edema 
B)  Tachycardia 
C)  Low blood pressure 
D)  Concentrated urine 
A)  Peripheral edema 
B)  Tachycardia 
C)  Low blood pressure 
D)  Concentrated urine

Question 7

What is the cause of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM)?

Accepted Answer

A)  A familial, autosomal dominant gene defect 
B)  Obesity and lack of exercise 
C)  Immune destruction of the pancreas 
D)  Hyperglycemia from eating too many sweets 
A)  A familial, autosomal dominant gene defect 
B)  Obesity and lack of exercise 
C)  Immune destruction of the pancreas 
D)  Hyperglycemia from eating too many sweets

Question 8

A 54-year-old patient with pulmonary tuberculosis is evaluated for syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH). Which electrolyte imbalance would be expected in this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyponatremia 
B)  Hyperkalemia 
C)  Hypernatremia 
D)  Hypokalemia 
A)  Hyponatremia 
B)  Hyperkalemia 
C)  Hypernatremia 
D)  Hypokalemia

Question 9

A patient presents reporting visual disturbances. When CT reveals a pituitary tumour and laboratory tests reveal elevated prolactin, the diagnosis of prolactinoma is made. Which intervention is the treatment of choice for this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dopaminergic agonists 
B)  Calcium 
C)  Insulin 
D)  Radiation 
A)  Dopaminergic agonists 
B)  Calcium 
C)  Insulin 
D)  Radiation

Question 10

An 11-year-old is newly diagnosed with type 1 DM. Which classic symptoms should the nurse assess the patient for?

Accepted Answer

A)  Recurrent infections, visual changes, fatigue, and paresthesia 
B)  Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weight loss 
C)  Vomiting, abdominal pain, sweet, fruity breath, dehydration, and Kussmaul respirations 
D)  Weakness, vomiting, hypotension, and mental confusion 
A)  Recurrent infections, visual changes, fatigue, and paresthesia 
B)  Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weight loss 
C)  Vomiting, abdominal pain, sweet, fruity breath, dehydration, and Kussmaul respirations 
D)  Weakness, vomiting, hypotension, and mental confusion

Question 11

What is the purpose of the glycosylated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c) test?

Accepted Answer

A)  Measuring fasting glucose levels 
B)  Monitoring long-term serum glucose control 
C)  Detecting acute complications of diabetes 
D)  Checking for hyperlipidemia 
A)  Measuring fasting glucose levels 
B)  Monitoring long-term serum glucose control 
C)  Detecting acute complications of diabetes 
D)  Checking for hyperlipidemia

Question 12

A 35-year-old female took corticosteroid therapy for several months. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find?

Accepted Answer

A)  Renal toxicity 
B)  Episodes of hypoglycemia 
C)  Hypotension 
D)  Type 2 DM 
A)  Renal toxicity 
B)  Episodes of hypoglycemia 
C)  Hypotension 
D)  Type 2 DM

Question 13

Which hypothyroid diagnosis is supported by low levels of TSH?

Accepted Answer

A)  Primary 
B)  Central (secondary) 
C)  Autoimmune 
D)  Atypical 
A)  Primary 
B)  Central (secondary) 
C)  Autoimmune 
D)  Atypical

Question 14

When considering hypothyroidism, the basal metabolic rate is unusually:

Accepted Answer

A)  high. 
B)  low. 
C)  steady. 
D)  variable. 
A)  high. 
B)  low. 
C)  steady. 
D)  variable.

Question 15

While checking the laboratory results for a patient diagnosed with Graves' disease, the nurse would expect the T3 level to be abnormally:

Accepted Answer

A)  low. 
B)  high. 
C)  variable. 
D)  absent. 
A)  low. 
B)  high. 
C)  variable. 
D)  absent.

Question 16

A 45-year-old diagnosed with thyroid carcinoma underwent surgical removal of the thyroid gland. During the postoperative period, the patient's serum calcium is low. What is the most probable reason for the hypocalcemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is hyperparathyroidism secondary to Graves' disease. 
B)  Myxedema secondary to surgery develops. 
C)  Hypoparathyroidism develops caused by surgical injury to the parathyroid glands. 
D)  Hypothyroidism resulting from lack of thyroid replacement develops. 
A)  There is hyperparathyroidism secondary to Graves' disease. 
B)  Myxedema secondary to surgery develops. 
C)  Hypoparathyroidism develops caused by surgical injury to the parathyroid glands. 
D)  Hypothyroidism resulting from lack of thyroid replacement develops.

Question 17

A patient diagnosed with Graves' disease is admitted to a medical-surgical unit. Which of the following symptoms would the nurse expect to find before treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Weight gain, cold intolerance 
B)  Slow heart rate, rash 
C)  Skin hot and moist, rapid heart rate 
D)  Constipation, confusion 
A)  Weight gain, cold intolerance 
B)  Slow heart rate, rash 
C)  Skin hot and moist, rapid heart rate 
D)  Constipation, confusion

Question 18

A 30-year-old presents with hypertension, headache, tachycardia, impaired glucose tolerance, diaphoresis, and weight loss. Which of the following diagnoses is supported by this symptomology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Addison's disease 
B)  Conn's syndrome 
C)  Cushing's disease 
D)  Pheochromocytoma 
A)  Addison's disease 
B)  Conn's syndrome 
C)  Cushing's disease 
D)  Pheochromocytoma

Question 19

A nurse is assessing a patient with hypoparathyroidism. Clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism include: (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  tetany. 
B)  Chvostek's sign. 
C)  Trousseau's sign. 
D)  oily skin. 
E)  hair loss. 
A)  tetany. 
B)  Chvostek's sign. 
C)  Trousseau's sign. 
D)  oily skin. 
E)  hair loss.

Question 20

Which symptom would the nurse expect in a patient diagnosed with hyperaldosteronism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypovolemia 
B)  Hypotension 
C)  Hypokalemia 
D)  Hyponatremia 
A)  Hypovolemia 
B)  Hypotension 
C)  Hypokalemia 
D)  Hyponatremia

Exam 19: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

The body's inability to conserve water and sodium when affected by Addison's disease is explained by which of the following conditions?

What common neurological disturbances should the nurse assess for in a patient with a pituitary adenoma?

Visual disturbances are a common occurrence in patients with untreated Graves' disease. Why do these disturbances take place?

Which assessment result would the nurse expect to find associated with a patient diagnosed with Graves' disease?

A 44-year-old patient with pulmonary tuberculosis is evaluated for SIADH. Which assessment finding would support this diagnosis?

What is the cause of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM)?

A 54-year-old patient with pulmonary tuberculosis is evaluated for syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH). Which electrolyte imbalance would be expected in this patient?

A patient presents reporting visual disturbances. When CT reveals a pituitary tumour and laboratory tests reveal elevated prolactin, the diagnosis of prolactinoma is made. Which intervention is the treatment of choice for this condition?

An 11-year-old is newly diagnosed with type 1 DM. Which classic symptoms should the nurse assess the patient for?

What is the purpose of the glycosylated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c) test?

A 35-year-old female took corticosteroid therapy for several months. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find?

Which hypothyroid diagnosis is supported by low levels of TSH?

When considering hypothyroidism, the basal metabolic rate is unusually:

While checking the laboratory results for a patient diagnosed with Graves' disease, the nurse would expect the T3 level to be abnormally:

A 45-year-old diagnosed with thyroid carcinoma underwent surgical removal of the thyroid gland. During the postoperative period, the patient's serum calcium is low. What is the most probable reason for the hypocalcemia?

A patient diagnosed with Graves' disease is admitted to a medical-surgical unit. Which of the following symptoms would the nurse expect to find before treatment?

A 30-year-old presents with hypertension, headache, tachycardia, impaired glucose tolerance, diaphoresis, and weight loss. Which of the following diagnoses is supported by this symptomology?

A nurse is assessing a patient with hypoparathyroidism. Clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism include: (Select all that apply.)

Which symptom would the nurse expect in a patient diagnosed with hyperaldosteronism?

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defence

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children and Adolescents

Structure and Function of the Neurological System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction

Alterations of Neurological Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematological System

Alterations of Hematological Function

Alterations of Hematological Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urological Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculo-Skeletal System

Alterations of Musculo-Skeletal Function

Alterations of Musculo-Skeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Filters

While checking the laboratory results for a patient diagnosed with Graves' disease, the nurse would expect the T₃ level to be abnormally: