Question 1

A patient asks when adjuvant chemotherapy is used. How should the nurse respond?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adjuvant chemotherapy is a primary treatment. 
B)  Adjuvant chemotherapy is used before radiation therapy. 
C)  Adjuvant chemotherapy is used after surgical removal of a tumour. 
D)  Adjuvant chemotherapy is administered in cancer with little risk of metastasis. 
A)  Adjuvant chemotherapy is a primary treatment. 
B)  Adjuvant chemotherapy is used before radiation therapy. 
C)  Adjuvant chemotherapy is used after surgical removal of a tumour. 
D)  Adjuvant chemotherapy is administered in cancer with little risk of metastasis. C

Question 2

Which genetic change causes alterations in only one or a few nucleotide bases?

Accepted Answer

A)  Insertions 
B)  Deletions 
C)  Point mutations 
D)  Amplification mutations 
A)  Insertions 
B)  Deletions 
C)  Point mutations 
D)  Amplification mutations C

Question 3

An oncologist is discussing when a cancer cell loses differentiation. Which of the following is the oncologist describing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Autonomy 
B)  Anaplasia 
C)  Pleomorphism 
D)  Metastasis 
A)  Autonomy 
B)  Anaplasia 
C)  Pleomorphism 
D)  Metastasis B

Question 4

A 25-year-old male develops a tumour of the breast glandular tissue. What type of tumour will be documented on the chart?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carcinoma 
B)  Adenocarcinoma 
C)  Sarcoma 
D)  Lymphoma 
A)  Carcinoma 
B)  Adenocarcinoma 
C)  Sarcoma 
D)  Lymphoma

Question 5

A primary care provider is attempting to diagnose cancer and is looking for a tumour marker. Which of the following could be a possible marker?

Accepted Answer

A)  Red blood cells 
B)  Apoptotic cells 
C)  Enzymes 
D)  Neurotransmitters 
A)  Red blood cells 
B)  Apoptotic cells 
C)  Enzymes 
D)  Neurotransmitters

Question 6

What does the activation of telomerase by cancer cells result in?

Accepted Answer

A)  Repeated divisions of cancer cells 
B)  Cancerous clonal distinction 
C)  Limited mitosis by healthy cells 
D)  Enhanced mutation abilities 
A)  Repeated divisions of cancer cells 
B)  Cancerous clonal distinction 
C)  Limited mitosis by healthy cells 
D)  Enhanced mutation abilities

Question 7

A 45-year-old male presents with persistent, severe stomach pain. Testing reveals a peptic ulcer. Further laboratory tests reveal the presence of Helicobacter pylori. Which of the following is of concern for this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gastric cancer 
B)  Leukemia 
C)  Lung cancer 
D)  Adenocarcinoma of the colon 
A)  Gastric cancer 
B)  Leukemia 
C)  Lung cancer 
D)  Adenocarcinoma of the colon

Question 8

A 45-year-old female was recently diagnosed with cervical cancer. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Herpes virus 
B)  Rubella virus 
C)  Human papillomavirus (HPV) 
D)  Hepatitis B virus 
A)  Herpes virus 
B)  Rubella virus 
C)  Human papillomavirus (HPV) 
D)  Hepatitis B virus

Question 9

A patient has a tissue growth that was diagnosed as cancer. Which of the following terms best describes this growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Malignant tumour 
B)  Lipoma 
C)  Meningioma 
D)  Hypertrophy 
A)  Malignant tumour 
B)  Lipoma 
C)  Meningioma 
D)  Hypertrophy

Question 10

A nurse is discussing preinvasive epithelial tumours of glandular or squamous cell origin. What is the nurse describing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tumour in differentiation 
B)  Dysplastic 
C)  Cancer in situ 
D)  Cancer beyond (meta) situ 
A)  Tumour in differentiation 
B)  Dysplastic 
C)  Cancer in situ 
D)  Cancer beyond (meta) situ

Question 11

Which of the following indicates that a nurse understands a proto-oncogene? A proto-oncogene is best defined as a(n) _____ gene.

Accepted Answer

A)  normal 
B)  altered 
C)  inactive 
D)  tumour-suppressor 
A)  normal 
B)  altered 
C)  inactive 
D)  tumour-suppressor

Question 12

Which information should the nurse include when teaching about angiogenic factors in cancerous tumours?

Accepted Answer

A)  Angiogenic factors release of growth factors. 
B)  Angiogenic factors stimulate tumour regression. 
C)  Angiogenic factors trigger apoptosis. 
D)  Angiogenic factors stimulate new blood vessel growth. 
A)  Angiogenic factors release of growth factors. 
B)  Angiogenic factors stimulate tumour regression. 
C)  Angiogenic factors trigger apoptosis. 
D)  Angiogenic factors stimulate new blood vessel growth.

Question 13

Which statement indicates the patient has a correct understanding of metastasis? The most common route of metastasis is through the blood vessels and:

Accepted Answer

A)  lung tissue. 
B)  body cavities. 
C)  lymphatics. 
D)  connective tissues. 
A)  lung tissue. 
B)  body cavities. 
C)  lymphatics. 
D)  connective tissues.

Question 14

Brachytherapy is being used to treat cancer in a patient. What types of cancers respond well to brachytherapy? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Prostate 
B)  Cervix 
C)  Head 
D)  Neck 
E)  Lung 
A)  Prostate 
B)  Cervix 
C)  Head 
D)  Neck 
E)  Lung

Question 15

A nurse is giving an example of inflammation as an etiology for cancer development. What is the best example the nurse should give?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pneumonia and lung cancer 
B)  Ulcerative colitis and colon cancer 
C)  Prostatic hypertrophy and prostate cancer 
D)  Hypercholesterolemia and leukemia 
A)  Pneumonia and lung cancer 
B)  Ulcerative colitis and colon cancer 
C)  Prostatic hypertrophy and prostate cancer 
D)  Hypercholesterolemia and leukemia

Question 16

A 52-year-old male with hepatitis C recently developed hepatic cancer. Which of the following markers should be increased?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) 
B)  Catecholamines 
C)  Prostate-specific antigen 
D)  Homovanillic acid 
A)  Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) 
B)  Catecholamines 
C)  Prostate-specific antigen 
D)  Homovanillic acid

Question 17

A 30-year-old male with HIV is diagnosed with Epstein-Barr virus. After 2 months, the virus is still active. Based upon the Epstein-Barr virus, which of the following cancers is most likely to develop in this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  B-cell lymphoma 
B)  Kaposi sarcoma 
C)  T-cell leukemia 
D)  T-cell lipoma 
A)  B-cell lymphoma 
B)  Kaposi sarcoma 
C)  T-cell leukemia 
D)  T-cell lipoma

Question 18

Which information indicates that a nurse understands characteristics of malignant tumours?

Accepted Answer

A)  Grows slowly. 
B)  Has a well-defined capsule. 
C)  Cells vary in size and shape. 
D)  Is well differentiated. 
A)  Grows slowly. 
B)  Has a well-defined capsule. 
C)  Cells vary in size and shape. 
D)  Is well differentiated.

Exam 10: Biology of Cancer

A patient asks when adjuvant chemotherapy is used. How should the nurse respond?

Which genetic change causes alterations in only one or a few nucleotide bases?

An oncologist is discussing when a cancer cell loses differentiation. Which of the following is the oncologist describing?

A 25-year-old male develops a tumour of the breast glandular tissue. What type of tumour will be documented on the chart?

A primary care provider is attempting to diagnose cancer and is looking for a tumour marker. Which of the following could be a possible marker?

What does the activation of telomerase by cancer cells result in?

A 45-year-old male presents with persistent, severe stomach pain. Testing reveals a peptic ulcer. Further laboratory tests reveal the presence of Helicobacter pylori. Which of the following is of concern for this patient?

A 45-year-old female was recently diagnosed with cervical cancer. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her cancer?

A patient has a tissue growth that was diagnosed as cancer. Which of the following terms best describes this growth?

A nurse is discussing preinvasive epithelial tumours of glandular or squamous cell origin. What is the nurse describing?

Which of the following indicates that a nurse understands a proto-oncogene? A proto-oncogene is best defined as a(n) _____ gene.

Which information should the nurse include when teaching about angiogenic factors in cancerous tumours?

Which statement indicates the patient has a correct understanding of metastasis? The most common route of metastasis is through the blood vessels and:

Brachytherapy is being used to treat cancer in a patient. What types of cancers respond well to brachytherapy? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse is giving an example of inflammation as an etiology for cancer development. What is the best example the nurse should give?

A 52-year-old male with hepatitis C recently developed hepatic cancer. Which of the following markers should be increased?

A 30-year-old male with HIV is diagnosed with Epstein-Barr virus. After 2 months, the virus is still active. Based upon the Epstein-Barr virus, which of the following cancers is most likely to develop in this patient?

Which information indicates that a nurse understands characteristics of malignant tumours?

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defence

Stress and Disease

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children and Adolescents

Structure and Function of the Neurological System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction

Alterations of Neurological Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematological System

Alterations of Hematological Function

Alterations of Hematological Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urological Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculo-Skeletal System

Alterations of Musculo-Skeletal Function

Alterations of Musculo-Skeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

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