Question 1

What is the most common type of renal stone composed of?

Accepted Answer

A)  Magnesium 
B)  Struvite 
C)  Calcium 
D)  Phosphate 
A)  Magnesium 
B)  Struvite 
C)  Calcium 
D)  Phosphate C

Question 2

A 75-year-old reports loss of urine with cough, sneezing, or laughing. These symptoms support which diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urge incontinence 
B)  Stress incontinence 
C)  Overflow incontinence 
D)  Functional incontinence 
A)  Urge incontinence 
B)  Stress incontinence 
C)  Overflow incontinence 
D)  Functional incontinence B

Question 3

When a patient's CT scan reveals a lesion above the pontine micturition centre, which condition would the nurse expect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dyssynergia 
B)  Detrusor hyper-reflexia 
C)  Detrusor areflexia 
D)  Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia 
A)  Dyssynergia 
B)  Detrusor hyper-reflexia 
C)  Detrusor areflexia 
D)  Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia B

Question 4

Mechanisms for defence against urinary pathogens in men include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  The long length of the urethra 
B)  The alkaline pH of urine 
C)  The secretion of mucus that traps bacteria 
D)  The antimicrobial secretions from the prostate 
E)  The implantation of the ureters in the bladder 
A)  The long length of the urethra 
B)  The alkaline pH of urine 
C)  The secretion of mucus that traps bacteria 
D)  The antimicrobial secretions from the prostate 
E)  The implantation of the ureters in the bladder

Question 5

When considering pyelonephritis, where is the site of the infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bladder 
B)  Renal pelvis 
C)  Renal tubules 
D)  Glomerulus 
A)  Bladder 
B)  Renal pelvis 
C)  Renal tubules 
D)  Glomerulus

Question 6

Why are bone fractures a risk factor in chronic kidney failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium is lost in the urine. 
B)  Osteoblast activity is excessive. 
C)  The kidneys fail to activate vitamin D. 
D)  Autoantibodies to calcium molecules develop. 
A)  Calcium is lost in the urine. 
B)  Osteoblast activity is excessive. 
C)  The kidneys fail to activate vitamin D. 
D)  Autoantibodies to calcium molecules develop.

Question 7

What is acute glomerulonephritis after an infection primarily caused by?

Accepted Answer

A)  Swelling of mesangial cells in the Bowman space in response to the presence of bacteria. 
B)  Immune complex deposition occurs in the glomerular capillaries with inflammatory damage. 
C)  Inflammatory factors from autoimmunity stimulate cellular proliferation of epithelial cells. 
D)  There is an accumulation of antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies. 
A)  Swelling of mesangial cells in the Bowman space in response to the presence of bacteria. 
B)  Immune complex deposition occurs in the glomerular capillaries with inflammatory damage. 
C)  Inflammatory factors from autoimmunity stimulate cellular proliferation of epithelial cells. 
D)  There is an accumulation of antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies.

Question 8

A 35-year-old who was severely burned is now demonstrating symptoms associated with acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Which form of kidney failure is this patient experiencing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prerenal 
B)  Intrarenal 
C)  Extrarenal 
D)  Postrenal 
A)  Prerenal 
B)  Intrarenal 
C)  Extrarenal 
D)  Postrenal

Question 9

Which is the most beneficial medication treatment for a patient experiencing detrusor sphincter dyssynergia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alpha-blocker 
B)  Beta-blocker 
C)  Vasodilator 
D)  Diuretic 
A)  Alpha-blocker 
B)  Beta-blocker 
C)  Vasodilator 
D)  Diuretic

Question 10

When a 42-year-old is diagnosed with chronic kidney failure, which dietary restriction will the nurse discuss with the patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fats 
B)  Complex carbohydrates 
C)  Proteins 
D)  Sugars 
A)  Fats 
B)  Complex carbohydrates 
C)  Proteins 
D)  Sugars

Question 11

A 55-year-old presents reporting urinary retention. Tests reveal a lower urinary tract obstruction. Which of the following is a common cause of urinary obstruction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vesicoureteral reflux and pyelonephritis 
B)  Formation of renal calculi 
C)  Glomerulonephritis 
D)  Increased bladder compliance 
A)  Vesicoureteral reflux and pyelonephritis 
B)  Formation of renal calculi 
C)  Glomerulonephritis 
D)  Increased bladder compliance

Question 12

An older male presents with flank pain and polyuria. Tests reveal that he has an enlarged prostate. Which type of kidney failure is this patient at risk for?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prerenal 
B)  Intrarenal 
C)  Extrarenal 
D)  Postrenal 
A)  Prerenal 
B)  Intrarenal 
C)  Extrarenal 
D)  Postrenal

Question 13

A patient has a severe kidney obstruction leading to removal of the affected kidney. Which of the following would the nurse expect to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atrophy of the remaining kidney 
B)  Compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining kidney 
C)  Dysplasia in the remaining kidney 
D)  Kidney failure 
A)  Atrophy of the remaining kidney 
B)  Compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining kidney 
C)  Dysplasia in the remaining kidney 
D)  Kidney failure

Question 14

A 25-year-old female is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. When the nurse checks the culture results, which of the following organisms is most likely infecting her urinary tract?

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptococcus 
B)  Candida albicans 
C)  Chlamydia 
D)  Escherichia coli 
A)  Streptococcus 
B)  Candida albicans 
C)  Chlamydia 
D)  Escherichia coli

Question 15

While planning care for a patient with renal calculi, the nurse remembers that the most important factor in renal calculus formation is:

Accepted Answer

A)  urine pH. 
B)  body temperature. 
C)  gender. 
D)  serum mineral concentrations. 
A)  urine pH. 
B)  body temperature. 
C)  gender. 
D)  serum mineral concentrations.

Question 16

A patient is diagnosed with renal calculus that is causing a urinary obstruction. Which symptoms would be most likely experienced?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anuria 
B)  Hematuria 
C)  Pyuria 
D)  Flank pain 
A)  Anuria 
B)  Hematuria 
C)  Pyuria 
D)  Flank pain

Question 17

A 29-year-old female presents with cloudy urine, flank pain, and hematuria. These signs and symptoms support which diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acute cystitis 
B)  Renal calculi 
C)  Chronic kidney failure 
D)  Postrenal kidney failure 
A)  Acute cystitis 
B)  Renal calculi 
C)  Chronic kidney failure 
D)  Postrenal kidney failure

Question 18

A patient is diagnosed with urinary tract obstruction. While planning care, the nurse realizes that the patient is expected to have hydronephrosis and a decreased glomerular filtration rate caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased renal blood flow. 
B)  decreased peritubular capillary pressure. 
C)  dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces proximal to the blockage. 
D)  stimulation of antidiuretic hormone. 
A)  decreased renal blood flow. 
B)  decreased peritubular capillary pressure. 
C)  dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces proximal to the blockage. 
D)  stimulation of antidiuretic hormone.

Question 19

What is the most common condition associated with the development of acute pyelonephritis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cystitis 
B)  Renal cancer 
C)  Urinary tract obstruction 
D)  Nephrotic syndrome 
A)  Cystitis 
B)  Renal cancer 
C)  Urinary tract obstruction 
D)  Nephrotic syndrome

Question 20

A 30-year-old male is demonstrating hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 grams per day, with albumin being the major protein. What is the most probable diagnosis the nurse will see documented on the chart?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cystitis 
B)  Chronic pyelonephritis 
C)  Acute glomerulonephritis 
D)  Renal calculi 
A)  Cystitis 
B)  Chronic pyelonephritis 
C)  Acute glomerulonephritis 
D)  Renal calculi

Exam 30: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

What is the most common type of renal stone composed of?

A 75-year-old reports loss of urine with cough, sneezing, or laughing. These symptoms support which diagnosis?

When a patient's CT scan reveals a lesion above the pontine micturition centre, which condition would the nurse expect?

Mechanisms for defence against urinary pathogens in men include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

When considering pyelonephritis, where is the site of the infection?

Why are bone fractures a risk factor in chronic kidney failure?

What is acute glomerulonephritis after an infection primarily caused by?

A 35-year-old who was severely burned is now demonstrating symptoms associated with acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Which form of kidney failure is this patient experiencing?

Which is the most beneficial medication treatment for a patient experiencing detrusor sphincter dyssynergia?

When a 42-year-old is diagnosed with chronic kidney failure, which dietary restriction will the nurse discuss with the patient?

A 55-year-old presents reporting urinary retention. Tests reveal a lower urinary tract obstruction. Which of the following is a common cause of urinary obstruction?

An older male presents with flank pain and polyuria. Tests reveal that he has an enlarged prostate. Which type of kidney failure is this patient at risk for?

A patient has a severe kidney obstruction leading to removal of the affected kidney. Which of the following would the nurse expect to occur?

A 25-year-old female is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. When the nurse checks the culture results, which of the following organisms is most likely infecting her urinary tract?

While planning care for a patient with renal calculi, the nurse remembers that the most important factor in renal calculus formation is:

A patient is diagnosed with renal calculus that is causing a urinary obstruction. Which symptoms would be most likely experienced?

A 29-year-old female presents with cloudy urine, flank pain, and hematuria. These signs and symptoms support which diagnosis?

A patient is diagnosed with urinary tract obstruction. While planning care, the nurse realizes that the patient is expected to have hydronephrosis and a decreased glomerular filtration rate caused by:

What is the most common condition associated with the development of acute pyelonephritis?

A 30-year-old male is demonstrating hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 grams per day, with albumin being the major protein. What is the most probable diagnosis the nurse will see documented on the chart?

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defence

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children and Adolescents

Structure and Function of the Neurological System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction

Alterations of Neurological Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematological System

Alterations of Hematological Function

Alterations of Hematological Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urological Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculo-Skeletal System

Alterations of Musculo-Skeletal Function

Alterations of Musculo-Skeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

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