Question 1

When an oncologist is discussing the degree to which an organism's development is contingent on its environment, which of the following is the oncologist explaining?

Accepted Answer

A)  Transgenerational inheritance 
B)  Epigenetics 
C)  Histone modification 
D)  Developmental plasticity 
A)  Transgenerational inheritance 
B)  Epigenetics 
C)  Histone modification 
D)  Developmental plasticity D

Question 2

A nurse recalls that physical activity was shown to definitely reduce the risk of which of the following types of cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prostate 
B)  Lung 
C)  Bone 
D)  Colon 
A)  Prostate 
B)  Lung 
C)  Bone 
D)  Colon D

Question 3

A female is diagnosed with cervical cancer. Which infectious agent most likely predisposed her to the condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  HPV-16 
B)  Alcohol 
C)  Asbestos 
D)  Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) 
A)  HPV-16 
B)  Alcohol 
C)  Asbestos 
D)  Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) A

Question 4

Which term describes chromosome aberrations and mutations in cells that did not receive radiation, but were close to irradiated cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bystander effects 
B)  Lethal mutation 
C)  Delayed reproductive death 
D)  Genetic instability 
A)  Bystander effects 
B)  Lethal mutation 
C)  Delayed reproductive death 
D)  Genetic instability

Question 5

A patient asks why indoor pollution is worse than outdoor pollution. How should the nurse respond?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dust mites in homes are carcinogenic. 
B)  Radon is trapped in closed spaces and is carcinogenic to humans. 
C)  Benzene is a common indoor pollutant that's highly carcinogenic. 
D)  Indoor chlorine exposure is dangerous. 
A)  Dust mites in homes are carcinogenic. 
B)  Radon is trapped in closed spaces and is carcinogenic to humans. 
C)  Benzene is a common indoor pollutant that's highly carcinogenic. 
D)  Indoor chlorine exposure is dangerous.

Question 6

When an oncologist is teaching about how radiation induces genomic instability, which topic should the oncologist discuss?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increasing hypersensitivity 
B)  Facilitating new mutations 
C)  DNA enhancement 
D)  Mitotic instability 
A)  Increasing hypersensitivity 
B)  Facilitating new mutations 
C)  DNA enhancement 
D)  Mitotic instability

Question 7

A patient develops skin cancer on the head and neck following years of working outside on a farm. Which of the following cancers is most likely?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lymphoma 
B)  Adenoma 
C)  Basal cell carcinoma 
D)  Leukemia 
A)  Lymphoma 
B)  Adenoma 
C)  Basal cell carcinoma 
D)  Leukemia

Question 8

What is the most important environmental risk factor for cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ultraviolet (UV) radiation 
B)  Radon 
C)  Estrogen 
D)  Cigarette smoke 
A)  Ultraviolet (UV) radiation 
B)  Radon 
C)  Estrogen 
D)  Cigarette smoke

Question 9

A water test recently revealed arsenic levels above 200 mcg/L. Which of the following cancers would be most likely to develop in those who consistently drank the water?

Accepted Answer

A)  Liver 
B)  Skin 
C)  Colon 
D)  Kidney 
A)  Liver 
B)  Skin 
C)  Colon 
D)  Kidney

Question 10

A 65-year-old patient recently diagnosed with cancer retired from construction work, where he spent many years installing installation. Which cancer is likely to develop secondarily to occupational hazards?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mesothelioma 
B)  Bladder cancer 
C)  Prostate cancer 
D)  Bone cancer 
A)  Mesothelioma 
B)  Bladder cancer 
C)  Prostate cancer 
D)  Bone cancer

Question 11

What is the role of physical activity in the prevention of colon cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  It increases fluid loss, leading to thirst and increased fluid intake, hydrating the colon. 
B)  It increases blood supply, thereby increasing oxygen to the colon. 
C)  It increases gut motility, thereby decreasing the time the bowel is exposed to mutagens. 
D)  It increases the secretion of hydrochloric acid, thereby killing carcinogenic substances. 
A)  It increases fluid loss, leading to thirst and increased fluid intake, hydrating the colon. 
B)  It increases blood supply, thereby increasing oxygen to the colon. 
C)  It increases gut motility, thereby decreasing the time the bowel is exposed to mutagens. 
D)  It increases the secretion of hydrochloric acid, thereby killing carcinogenic substances.

Question 12

Which of the following patients would be at greatest risk for melanoma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Those with a dark complexion 
B)  Young children with pale skin 
C)  Those using sunblock 
D)  People with light complexion, light eyes, fair hair 
A)  Those with a dark complexion 
B)  Young children with pale skin 
C)  Those using sunblock 
D)  People with light complexion, light eyes, fair hair

Exam 11: Cancer Epidemiology

When an oncologist is discussing the degree to which an organism's development is contingent on its environment, which of the following is the oncologist explaining?

A nurse recalls that physical activity was shown to definitely reduce the risk of which of the following types of cancer?

A female is diagnosed with cervical cancer. Which infectious agent most likely predisposed her to the condition?

Which term describes chromosome aberrations and mutations in cells that did not receive radiation, but were close to irradiated cells?

A patient asks why indoor pollution is worse than outdoor pollution. How should the nurse respond?

When an oncologist is teaching about how radiation induces genomic instability, which topic should the oncologist discuss?

A patient develops skin cancer on the head and neck following years of working outside on a farm. Which of the following cancers is most likely?

What is the most important environmental risk factor for cancer?

A water test recently revealed arsenic levels above 200 mcg/L. Which of the following cancers would be most likely to develop in those who consistently drank the water?

A 65-year-old patient recently diagnosed with cancer retired from construction work, where he spent many years installing installation. Which cancer is likely to develop secondarily to occupational hazards?

What is the role of physical activity in the prevention of colon cancer?

Which of the following patients would be at greatest risk for melanoma?

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defence

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Cancer in Children and Adolescents

Structure and Function of the Neurological System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction

Alterations of Neurological Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematological System

Alterations of Hematological Function

Alterations of Hematological Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urological Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculo-Skeletal System

Alterations of Musculo-Skeletal Function

Alterations of Musculo-Skeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

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