Question 1

A 40-year-old female developed adenocarcinoma of the vagina. Which prenatal event is the most likely cause of her cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rb gene mutation 
B)  Exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) 
C)  Exposure to solvents 
D)  Exposure to radiation 
A)  Rb gene mutation 
B)  Exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) 
C)  Exposure to solvents 
D)  Exposure to radiation B

Question 2

What is the origin of most childhood cancers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Placenta 
B)  Environment 
C)  Mesodermal germ layer 
D)  Neural tube 
A)  Placenta 
B)  Environment 
C)  Mesodermal germ layer 
D)  Neural tube C

Question 3

A 3-year-old female was diagnosed with Wilms tumour. Where is this tumour located?

Accepted Answer

A)  In the kidney 
B)  In the brain 
C)  In bone marrow 
D)  In the liver 
A)  In the kidney 
B)  In the brain 
C)  In bone marrow 
D)  In the liver A

Question 4

A nurse is preparing to teach the most common malignancy in children. Which malignancy should the nurse discuss?

Accepted Answer

A)  Leukemia 
B)  Neuroblastoma 
C)  Wilms tumour 
D)  Retinoblastoma 
A)  Leukemia 
B)  Neuroblastoma 
C)  Wilms tumour 
D)  Retinoblastoma

Question 5

What event occurs in more than 70% of the cases of childhood cancers?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cancer is cured. 
B)  The child only requires chemotherapy. 
C)  The participation rate in clinical trails. 
D)  The child will develop a secondary malignancy. 
A)  The cancer is cured. 
B)  The child only requires chemotherapy. 
C)  The participation rate in clinical trails. 
D)  The child will develop a secondary malignancy.

Question 6

A 16-year-old with aspirations of becoming a bodybuilder spends 3 hours a day in the gym and does everything possible in an attempt to build muscle mass. Five years later, a hepatocellular carcinoma is discovered. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Immunosuppressive agents 
B)  Cytotoxic agents 
C)  Anabolic steroids 
D)  A viral infection 
A)  Immunosuppressive agents 
B)  Cytotoxic agents 
C)  Anabolic steroids 
D)  A viral infection

Question 7

When an aide asks why carcinomas rarely occur in childhood, how should the nurse respond? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Carcinomas cannot develop in an immunosuppressed environment. 
B)  Carcinomas need a long time from exposure to occurrence. 
C)  Carcinomas are due to environmental exposures. 
D)  Carcinomas occur primarily in secondary sexual organs. 
E)  Carcinomas are mesodermal. 
A)  Carcinomas cannot develop in an immunosuppressed environment. 
B)  Carcinomas need a long time from exposure to occurrence. 
C)  Carcinomas are due to environmental exposures. 
D)  Carcinomas occur primarily in secondary sexual organs. 
E)  Carcinomas are mesodermal.

Question 8

Which characterizes an embryonic cancer tumour?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is commonly occurring. 
B)  It is often seen in adults. 
C)  It is composed of mature, differentiated cells. 
D)  It is usually diagnosed by age 5. 
A)  It is commonly occurring. 
B)  It is often seen in adults. 
C)  It is composed of mature, differentiated cells. 
D)  It is usually diagnosed by age 5.

Question 9

What is the most common type of tissue cancer occurring between ages 15 and 19?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sarcoma 
B)  Squamous cell 
C)  Carcinoma 
D)  Neuroma 
A)  Sarcoma 
B)  Squamous cell 
C)  Carcinoma 
D)  Neuroma

Question 10

What condition are children diagnosed with Down syndrome at higher risk for developing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nephroblastoma 
B)  Rhabdomyosarcoma 
C)  Leukemia 
D)  Retinoblastoma 
A)  Nephroblastoma 
B)  Rhabdomyosarcoma 
C)  Leukemia 
D)  Retinoblastoma

Exam 12: Cancer in Children and Adolescents

A 40-year-old female developed adenocarcinoma of the vagina. Which prenatal event is the most likely cause of her cancer?

What is the origin of most childhood cancers?

A 3-year-old female was diagnosed with Wilms tumour. Where is this tumour located?

A nurse is preparing to teach the most common malignancy in children. Which malignancy should the nurse discuss?

What event occurs in more than 70% of the cases of childhood cancers?

A 16-year-old with aspirations of becoming a bodybuilder spends 3 hours a day in the gym and does everything possible in an attempt to build muscle mass. Five years later, a hepatocellular carcinoma is discovered. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the cancer?

When an aide asks why carcinomas rarely occur in childhood, how should the nurse respond? (Select all that apply.)

Which characterizes an embryonic cancer tumour?

What is the most common type of tissue cancer occurring between ages 15 and 19?

What condition are children diagnosed with Down syndrome at higher risk for developing?

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defence

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Structure and Function of the Neurological System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction

Alterations of Neurological Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematological System

Alterations of Hematological Function

Alterations of Hematological Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urological Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculo-Skeletal System

Alterations of Musculo-Skeletal Function

Alterations of Musculo-Skeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

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