Question 1

Which of the following type(s) of hepatitis has an incubation period of up to 180 days? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E B, D

Question 2

Which of the following conditions is thought to contribute to the development of obesity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Insulin excess 
B)  Leptin resistance 
C)  Adipocyte failure 
D)  Malabsorption 
A)  Insulin excess 
B)  Leptin resistance 
C)  Adipocyte failure 
D)  Malabsorption B

Question 3

Tests reveal narrowing of the opening between the stomach and the duodenum. This condition is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  ileocecal obstruction. 
B)  hiatal hernia. 
C)  pyloric obstruction. 
D)  hiatal obstruction. 
A)  ileocecal obstruction. 
B)  hiatal hernia. 
C)  pyloric obstruction. 
D)  hiatal obstruction. C

Question 4

The icteric phase of hepatitis is characterized by which clinical manifestations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fatigue, malaise, vomiting 
B)  Jaundice, dark urine, enlarged liver 
C)  Resolution of jaundice, liver function returns to normal 
D)  Fulminant liver failure, hepatorenal syndrome 
A)  Fatigue, malaise, vomiting 
B)  Jaundice, dark urine, enlarged liver 
C)  Resolution of jaundice, liver function returns to normal 
D)  Fulminant liver failure, hepatorenal syndrome

Question 5

Chronic gastritis is classified according to the:

Accepted Answer

A)  severity. 
B)  location of lesions. 
C)  patient's age. 
D)  signs and symptoms. 
A)  severity. 
B)  location of lesions. 
C)  patient's age. 
D)  signs and symptoms.

Question 6

Gastroscopy reveals degeneration of the gastric mucosa in the body and fundus of the stomach. This condition increases the risk for the development of:

Accepted Answer

A)  pernicious anemia. 
B)  osmotic diarrhea. 
C)  increased acid secretion. 
D)  decreased gastrin secretion. 
A)  pernicious anemia. 
B)  osmotic diarrhea. 
C)  increased acid secretion. 
D)  decreased gastrin secretion.

Question 7

A 39-year-old is diagnosed with a duodenal ulcer. Which of the following behaviours may have contributed to the development of the ulcer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Regular NSAID use 
B)  Drinking caffeinated beverages 
C)  Consuming limited fibre 
D)  Antacid consumption 
A)  Regular NSAID use 
B)  Drinking caffeinated beverages 
C)  Consuming limited fibre 
D)  Antacid consumption

Question 8

What is the cause of peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hereditary hormonal imbalances with high gastrin levels 
B)  Breaks in the mucosa and presence of corrosive secretions 
C)  Decreased vagal activity and vascular engorgement 
D)  Gastric erosions related to high ammonia levels and bile reflux 
A)  Hereditary hormonal imbalances with high gastrin levels 
B)  Breaks in the mucosa and presence of corrosive secretions 
C)  Decreased vagal activity and vascular engorgement 
D)  Gastric erosions related to high ammonia levels and bile reflux

Question 9

What is the most common disorder associated with upper GI bleeding?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diverticulosis 
B)  Hemorrhoids 
C)  Esophageal varices 
D)  Cancer 
A)  Diverticulosis 
B)  Hemorrhoids 
C)  Esophageal varices 
D)  Cancer

Question 10

A 52-year-old female presents with continuous abdominal pain that intensifies after eating. She is diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis. Contributing factors include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Alcohol abuse 
B)  History of gallstones 
C)  Trauma 
D)  Smoking 
E)  Bulimia 
A)  Alcohol abuse 
B)  History of gallstones 
C)  Trauma 
D)  Smoking 
E)  Bulimia

Question 11

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder wall usually caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  accumulation of bile in the hepatic duct. 
B)  obstruction of the cystic duct by a gallstone. 
C)  accumulation of fat in the wall of the gallbladder. 
D)  viral infection of the gallbladder. 
A)  accumulation of bile in the hepatic duct. 
B)  obstruction of the cystic duct by a gallstone. 
C)  accumulation of fat in the wall of the gallbladder. 
D)  viral infection of the gallbladder.

Question 12

Obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI) greater than _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Obesity is defined as a body mass...

Question 13

The primary causes of duodenal ulcers include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Consumption of spicy foods 
B)  Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 
C)  H. pylori infection 
D)  Trauma 
E)  Side effects of antibiotics 
A)  Consumption of spicy foods 
B)  Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 
C)  H. pylori infection 
D)  Trauma 
E)  Side effects of antibiotics

Question 14

The most common clinical manifestation of portal hypertension is _____ bleeding.

Accepted Answer

A)  rectal 
B)  duodenal 
C)  esophageal 
D)  intestinal 
A)  rectal 
B)  duodenal 
C)  esophageal 
D)  intestinal

Question 15

Which of the following types of diarrhea would most likely occur with a bacterial GI infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osmotic 
B)  Secretory 
C)  Hypotonic 
D)  Motility 
A)  Osmotic 
B)  Secretory 
C)  Hypotonic 
D)  Motility

Question 16

An increase in the rate of red blood cell breakdown causes which form of jaundice?

Accepted Answer

A)  Obstructive 
B)  Hemolytic 
C)  Hepatocellular 
D)  Metabolic 
A)  Obstructive 
B)  Hemolytic 
C)  Hepatocellular 
D)  Metabolic

Question 17

Why is the risk of hypovolemic shock high with acute mesenteric arterial insufficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  The resulting liver failure causes a deficit of plasma proteins and a loss of oncotic pressure. 
B)  Ischemia alters mucosal membrane permeability, and fluid loss occurs. 
C)  Massive bleeding occurs in the GI tract. 
D)  Overstimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in ischemic injury to the intestinal wall. 
A)  The resulting liver failure causes a deficit of plasma proteins and a loss of oncotic pressure. 
B)  Ischemia alters mucosal membrane permeability, and fluid loss occurs. 
C)  Massive bleeding occurs in the GI tract. 
D)  Overstimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in ischemic injury to the intestinal wall.

Question 18

A 31-year-old female is diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Which of the following will be part of the treatment plan? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Narcotic analgesics 
B)  Restriction of food intake 
C)  Nasogastric suctioning 
D)  Steroid therapy 
E)  IV fluids 
A)  Narcotic analgesics 
B)  Restriction of food intake 
C)  Nasogastric suctioning 
D)  Steroid therapy 
E)  IV fluids

Question 19

Acute pancreatitis often manifests with pain to which of the following regions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Right lower quadrant 
B)  Right upper quadrant 
C)  Epigastric 
D)  Suprapubic 
A)  Right lower quadrant 
B)  Right upper quadrant 
C)  Epigastric 
D)  Suprapubic

Question 20

A 50-year-old is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux. What is the cause of this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fibrosis of the lower third of the esophagus 
B)  Sympathetic nerve stimulation 
C)  Loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincter 
D)  Reverse peristalsis of the stomach 
A)  Fibrosis of the lower third of the esophagus 
B)  Sympathetic nerve stimulation 
C)  Loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincter 
D)  Reverse peristalsis of the stomach

Exam 36: Alterations of Digestive Function

Which of the following type(s) of hepatitis has an incubation period of up to 180 days? (Select all that apply.)

Which of the following conditions is thought to contribute to the development of obesity?

Tests reveal narrowing of the opening between the stomach and the duodenum. This condition is referred to as:

The icteric phase of hepatitis is characterized by which clinical manifestations?

Chronic gastritis is classified according to the:

Gastroscopy reveals degeneration of the gastric mucosa in the body and fundus of the stomach. This condition increases the risk for the development of:

A 39-year-old is diagnosed with a duodenal ulcer. Which of the following behaviours may have contributed to the development of the ulcer?

What is the cause of peptic ulcer disease?

What is the most common disorder associated with upper GI bleeding?

A 52-year-old female presents with continuous abdominal pain that intensifies after eating. She is diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis. Contributing factors include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder wall usually caused by:

Obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI) greater than _____.

The primary causes of duodenal ulcers include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

The most common clinical manifestation of portal hypertension is _____ bleeding.

Which of the following types of diarrhea would most likely occur with a bacterial GI infection?

An increase in the rate of red blood cell breakdown causes which form of jaundice?

Why is the risk of hypovolemic shock high with acute mesenteric arterial insufficiency?

A 31-year-old female is diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Which of the following will be part of the treatment plan? (Select all that apply.)

Acute pancreatitis often manifests with pain to which of the following regions?

A 50-year-old is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux. What is the cause of this condition?

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defence

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children and Adolescents

Structure and Function of the Neurological System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction

Alterations of Neurological Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematological System

Alterations of Hematological Function

Alterations of Hematological Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urological Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculo-Skeletal System

Alterations of Musculo-Skeletal Function

Alterations of Musculo-Skeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

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