Question 1

A patient asks how oxygen is transported in the body. The nurse's best response is that most oxygen (O2) is transported:

Accepted Answer

A)  dissolved in the plasma. 
B)  bound to hemoglobin. 
C)  in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2). 
D)  as a free-floating molecule. 
A)  dissolved in the plasma. 
B)  bound to hemoglobin. 
C)  in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2). 
D)  as a free-floating molecule. B

Question 2

Where does the diffusion of respiratory gases takes place?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alveolocapillary membrane 
B)  Visceral pleurae 
C)  Parietal pleurae 
D)  Respiratory centre 
A)  Alveolocapillary membrane 
B)  Visceral pleurae 
C)  Parietal pleurae 
D)  Respiratory centre A

Question 3

Pulmonary function tests reveal that an 80-year-old dyspneic patient has an increase in residual volume. A nurse suspects that the most likely cause of the increased residual volume is _____ in lung compliance.

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase 
B)  a decrease 
C)  no change 
D)  an absence 
A)  an increase 
B)  a decrease 
C)  no change 
D)  an absence A

Question 4

The nurse is describing the receptors in the lung that decrease ventilatory rate and volume when stimulated. Which receptors is the nurse discussing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbon dioxide receptors 
B)  Baroreceptors 
C)  Stretch receptors 
D)  Chemoreceptors 
A)  Carbon dioxide receptors 
B)  Baroreceptors 
C)  Stretch receptors 
D)  Chemoreceptors

Question 5

At sea level, the partial pressure of oxygen is approximately ___% (round to the nearest whole number).

Accepted Answer

The answer of At sea level, the partial pressure of...

Question 6

The nurse is describing the slit-shaped space between the true vocal cords. What term should the nurse use?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glottis 
B)  Epiglottis 
C)  Larynx 
D)  Carina 
A)  Glottis 
B)  Epiglottis 
C)  Larynx 
D)  Carina

Question 7

How does surfactant facilitate alveolar distension and ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  It decreases thoracic compliance. 
B)  It attracts water to the alveolar surface. 
C)  It decreases surface tension in alveoli. 
D)  It increases diffusion in alveoli. 
A)  It decreases thoracic compliance. 
B)  It attracts water to the alveolar surface. 
C)  It decreases surface tension in alveoli. 
D)  It increases diffusion in alveoli.

Question 8

A newborn is in respiratory distress and requires ventilation. Tests reveal that he does not produce surfactant due to the absence of:

Accepted Answer

A)  mucus-producing cells. 
B)  type II alveolar cells. 
C)  alveolar macrophages. 
D)  goblet cells. 
A)  mucus-producing cells. 
B)  type II alveolar cells. 
C)  alveolar macrophages. 
D)  goblet cells.

Question 9

A patient is experiencing respiratory difficulty and retaining too much carbon dioxide. Which receptor sites would be stimulated in an attempt to maintain a normal homeostatic state?

Accepted Answer

A)  Irritant 
B)  Stretch 
C)  Peripheral 
D)  Central 
A)  Irritant 
B)  Stretch 
C)  Peripheral 
D)  Central

Question 10

While reviewing the results of the pulmonary functions test, the nurse is aware that the maximum amount of gas that can be displaced (expired) from the lung is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  vital capacity (V
C) . 
B)  total lung capacity. 
C)  functional capacity. 
D)  residual volume. 
A)  vital capacity (V
C) . 
B)  total lung capacity. 
C)  functional capacity. 
D)  residual volume.

Question 11

What term is used to describe receptors that respond to increased pulmonary capillary pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Irritant receptors 
B)  Chemoreceptors 
C)  Stretch receptors 
D)  J-receptors 
A)  Irritant receptors 
B)  Chemoreceptors 
C)  Stretch receptors 
D)  J-receptors

Question 12

In a patient with acidosis, which way will the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shift?

Accepted Answer

A)  To the right, causing more O2 to be released to the cells 
B)  To the left, allowing less O2 to be released to the cells 
C)  Downward, allowing less O2 to dissolve in the plasma 
D)  Upward, allowing more O2 to dissolve in the plasma 
A)  To the right, causing more O2 to be released to the cells 
B)  To the left, allowing less O2 to be released to the cells 
C)  Downward, allowing less O2 to dissolve in the plasma 
D)  Upward, allowing more O2 to dissolve in the plasma

Question 13

____% of oxygen (O2) enters the bloodstream bound to hemoglobin.

Accepted Answer

Question 14

_____ seconds is required for oxygen (O2) concentration to equilibrate (equalize) across the alveolocapillary membrane.

Accepted Answer

Question 15

A nurse recalls that the pleurae are examples of _____ membranes.

Accepted Answer

A)  mucous 
B)  serous 
C)  synovial 
D)  peritoneal 
A)  mucous 
B)  serous 
C)  synovial 
D)  peritoneal

Question 16

What nerve provides the lungs with parasympathetic innervation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vagus 
B)  Phrenic 
C)  Brachial 
D)  Pectoral 
A)  Vagus 
B)  Phrenic 
C)  Brachial 
D)  Pectoral

Question 17

How is carbon dioxide (CO2) mainly transported in the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  Attached to oxygen (O2) 
B)  Dissolved in red blood cells 
C)  Combined with albumin 
D)  In the form of bicarbonate 
A)  Attached to oxygen (O2) 
B)  Dissolved in red blood cells 
C)  Combined with albumin 
D)  In the form of bicarbonate

Question 18

What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the lung given the following conditions? Percentage of oxygen in air: 20
Barometric pressure: 700 mm Hg

Accepted Answer

A)  111 mm Hg 
B)  124 mm Hg 
C)  131 mm Hg 
D)  140 mm Hg 
A)  111 mm Hg 
B)  124 mm Hg 
C)  131 mm Hg 
D)  140 mm Hg

Question 19

A patient involved in a motor vehicle accident experiences a severe head injury and dies as a result of the loss of respirations. What area of the brain was most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cerebral cortex 
B)  Thalamus 
C)  Basal ganglia 
D)  Brainstem 
A)  Cerebral cortex 
B)  Thalamus 
C)  Basal ganglia 
D)  Brainstem

Question 20

During inspiration, muscular contraction of the diaphragm causes air to move into the lung. What is the mechanism that allows air to enter the lungs?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is a decrease in intra-alveolar pressure and shortening of the rib cage. 
B)  There is a decrease in the size of the thorax and alveolar expansion. 
C)  There is an increase in the size of the thorax and creation of negative pressure. 
D)  There is an increase in atmospheric pressure and intrapleural pressure. 
A)  There is a decrease in intra-alveolar pressure and shortening of the rib cage. 
B)  There is a decrease in the size of the thorax and alveolar expansion. 
C)  There is an increase in the size of the thorax and creation of negative pressure. 
D)  There is an increase in atmospheric pressure and intrapleural pressure.

Exam 26: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

A patient asks how oxygen is transported in the body. The nurse's best response is that most oxygen (O2) is transported:

Where does the diffusion of respiratory gases takes place?

Pulmonary function tests reveal that an 80-year-old dyspneic patient has an increase in residual volume. A nurse suspects that the most likely cause of the increased residual volume is _____ in lung compliance.

The nurse is describing the receptors in the lung that decrease ventilatory rate and volume when stimulated. Which receptors is the nurse discussing?

At sea level, the partial pressure of oxygen is approximately ___% (round to the nearest whole number).

The nurse is describing the slit-shaped space between the true vocal cords. What term should the nurse use?

How does surfactant facilitate alveolar distension and ventilation?

A newborn is in respiratory distress and requires ventilation. Tests reveal that he does not produce surfactant due to the absence of:

A patient is experiencing respiratory difficulty and retaining too much carbon dioxide. Which receptor sites would be stimulated in an attempt to maintain a normal homeostatic state?

While reviewing the results of the pulmonary functions test, the nurse is aware that the maximum amount of gas that can be displaced (expired) from the lung is called:

What term is used to describe receptors that respond to increased pulmonary capillary pressure?

In a patient with acidosis, which way will the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shift?

____% of oxygen (O2) enters the bloodstream bound to hemoglobin.

_____ seconds is required for oxygen (O2) concentration to equilibrate (equalize) across the alveolocapillary membrane.

A nurse recalls that the pleurae are examples of _____ membranes.

What nerve provides the lungs with parasympathetic innervation?

How is carbon dioxide (CO2) mainly transported in the blood?

What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the lung given the following conditions? Percentage of oxygen in air: 20 Barometric pressure: 700 mm Hg

A patient involved in a motor vehicle accident experiences a severe head injury and dies as a result of the loss of respirations. What area of the brain was most likely damaged?

During inspiration, muscular contraction of the diaphragm causes air to move into the lung. What is the mechanism that allows air to enter the lungs?

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defence

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children and Adolescents

Structure and Function of the Neurological System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction

Alterations of Neurological Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematological System

Alterations of Hematological Function

Alterations of Hematological Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urological Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculo-Skeletal System

Alterations of Musculo-Skeletal Function

Alterations of Musculo-Skeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Filters

A patient asks how oxygen is transported in the body. The nurse's best response is that most oxygen (O₂) is transported:

____% of oxygen (O₂) enters the bloodstream bound to hemoglobin.

_____ seconds is required for oxygen (O₂) concentration to equilibrate (equalize) across the alveolocapillary membrane.

How is carbon dioxide (CO₂) mainly transported in the blood?