Question 1

A 25-year-old female has a heavy menses during which she loses a profuse amount of blood. Which of the following adaptations should the nurse expect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Movement of fluid into the cell 
B)  Decreased cardiac output 
C)  Decreased oxygen release from hemoglobin 
D)  Peripheral vasoconstriction 
A)  Movement of fluid into the cell 
B)  Decreased cardiac output 
C)  Decreased oxygen release from hemoglobin 
D)  Peripheral vasoconstriction

Question 2

A 2-year-old malnourished child is diagnosed with vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies. A blood smear suggests the deficiency is macrocytic and normochromic. What would the hemoglobin level be?

Accepted Answer

A)  Normal 
B)  Sporadic 
C)  Low 
D)  High 
A)  Normal 
B)  Sporadic 
C)  Low 
D)  High

Question 3

A newborn is diagnosed with congenital intrinsic factor (IF) deficiency. What type of anemia will the nurse see documented on the chart?

Accepted Answer

A)  Iron deficiency anemia 
B)  Pernicious anemia 
C)  Sideroblastic anemia 
D)  Hemolytic anemia 
A)  Iron deficiency anemia 
B)  Pernicious anemia 
C)  Sideroblastic anemia 
D)  Hemolytic anemia

Question 4

A nurse realizes that a patient has thrombocytopenia when the platelet count is below _____ * 109/L.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse realizes that a patient has...

Question 5

A nurse is reviewing laboratory results and notices that the erythrocytes contain an abnormally low concentration of hemoglobin. What term best describes these cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperchromic 
B)  Hypochromic 
C)  Macrocytic 
D)  Microcytic 
A)  Hyperchromic 
B)  Hypochromic 
C)  Macrocytic 
D)  Microcytic

Question 6

A 65-year-old experienced loss of appetite, weight loss, lemon-yellow skin, liver enlargement, and a beefy red tongue shortly before her death. Autopsy suggested pernicious anemia, and the cause of death would most likely reveal:

Accepted Answer

A)  brain hypoxia. 
B)  liver hypoxia. 
C)  heart failure. 
D)  kidney failure. 
A)  brain hypoxia. 
B)  liver hypoxia. 
C)  heart failure. 
D)  kidney failure.

Question 7

What hemodynamic change should the nurse monitor for in a patient who has a reduction in the number of circulating erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased viscosity of blood 
B)  Decreased cardiac output 
C)  Altered coagulation 
D)  Hyperdynamic circulatory state 
A)  Increased viscosity of blood 
B)  Decreased cardiac output 
C)  Altered coagulation 
D)  Hyperdynamic circulatory state

Question 8

A patient has microcytic hypochromic anemia. Which of the following pathogenic mechanisms may cause anemia in this patient? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased erythrocyte life span 
B)  Failure of mechanisms of compensatory erythropoiesis 
C)  Disturbances of the iron cycle 
D)  Increased basal metabolic rate 
E)  Swelling in the tissues 
A)  Decreased erythrocyte life span 
B)  Failure of mechanisms of compensatory erythropoiesis 
C)  Disturbances of the iron cycle 
D)  Increased basal metabolic rate 
E)  Swelling in the tissues

Question 9

A 45-year-old is diagnosed with macrocytic, normochromic anemia. What does the pathophysiology of this condition involve?

Accepted Answer

A)  Defective DNA synthesis 
B)  Abnormal synthesis of hemoglobin 
C)  Defective use of vitamin C 
D)  Blocked protein synthesis 
A)  Defective DNA synthesis 
B)  Abnormal synthesis of hemoglobin 
C)  Defective use of vitamin C 
D)  Blocked protein synthesis

Question 10

A 57-year-old male presents to his primary care provider for red face, hands, feet, ears, and headache and drowsiness. A blood smear reveals an increased number of erythrocytes. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Polycythemia vera (PV) 
B)  Leukemia 
C)  Sideroblastic anemia 
D)  Hemosiderosis 
A)  Polycythemia vera (PV) 
B)  Leukemia 
C)  Sideroblastic anemia 
D)  Hemosiderosis

Question 11

A nurse checks individuals with liver disease for clotting problems because:

Accepted Answer

A)  the liver is often the site of platelet pooling. 
B)  clotting factors are produced in the liver. 
C)  high levels of bilirubin interfere with the clotting system. 
D)  treatment medications for liver failure cause fibrinolysis. 
A)  the liver is often the site of platelet pooling. 
B)  clotting factors are produced in the liver. 
C)  high levels of bilirubin interfere with the clotting system. 
D)  treatment medications for liver failure cause fibrinolysis.

Question 12

A patient wants to know about risk factors for acute leukemia. Which of the following should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection 
B)  Eating genetically modified food 
C)  Chemotherapy treatment for other cancers 
D)  Excessive ultraviolet radiation exposure 
E)  Ovarian cancer 
A)  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection 
B)  Eating genetically modified food 
C)  Chemotherapy treatment for other cancers 
D)  Excessive ultraviolet radiation exposure 
E)  Ovarian cancer

Question 13

What is leukocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  A normal leukocyte count 
B)  A high leukocyte count 
C)  A low leukocyte count 
D)  Another term for leukopenia 
A)  A normal leukocyte count 
B)  A high leukocyte count 
C)  A low leukocyte count 
D)  Another term for leukopenia

Question 14

A 35-year-old male has enlarged lymph nodes in the neck and a mediastinal mass. He was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma. Which of the following abnormal cells would the nurse expect to find with this disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Merkel cell 
B)  Schwann cell 
C)  Reed-Sternberg cell 
D)  Kupffer cell 
A)  Merkel cell 
B)  Schwann cell 
C)  Reed-Sternberg cell 
D)  Kupffer cell

Question 15

A patient who demonstrates chronic gastrointestinal bleeding is diagnosed with anemia. What is the primary cause of the patient's anemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vitamin B12 deficiency 
B)  Iron deficiency 
C)  Folate deficiency 
D)  Bone marrow failure 
A)  Vitamin B12 deficiency 
B)  Iron deficiency 
C)  Folate deficiency 
D)  Bone marrow failure

Question 16

A 45-year-old male is diagnosed with sideroblastic anemia. When he asks what the most likely cause of this disease is, what is the nurse's best response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ineffective iron uptake and abnormal hemoglobin production 
B)  Misshapen erythrocytes with low hemoglobin 
C)  Decreased levels of tissue iron with megaloblastic erythrocytes 
D)  Premature erythrocyte destruction and erythropoietin deficiency 
A)  Ineffective iron uptake and abnormal hemoglobin production 
B)  Misshapen erythrocytes with low hemoglobin 
C)  Decreased levels of tissue iron with megaloblastic erythrocytes 
D)  Premature erythrocyte destruction and erythropoietin deficiency

Question 17

Laboratory results showing high iron, bilirubin, and transferrin and low hemoglobin and hematocrit would support a diagnosis of which form of anemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pernicious 
B)  Folate deficiency 
C)  Iron deficiency 
D)  Sideroblastic 
A)  Pernicious 
B)  Folate deficiency 
C)  Iron deficiency 
D)  Sideroblastic

Exam 21: Alterations of Hematological Function

A 25-year-old female has a heavy menses during which she loses a profuse amount of blood. Which of the following adaptations should the nurse expect?

A 2-year-old malnourished child is diagnosed with vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies. A blood smear suggests the deficiency is macrocytic and normochromic. What would the hemoglobin level be?

A newborn is diagnosed with congenital intrinsic factor (IF) deficiency. What type of anemia will the nurse see documented on the chart?

A nurse realizes that a patient has thrombocytopenia when the platelet count is below _____ * 109/L.

A nurse is reviewing laboratory results and notices that the erythrocytes contain an abnormally low concentration of hemoglobin. What term best describes these cells?

A 65-year-old experienced loss of appetite, weight loss, lemon-yellow skin, liver enlargement, and a beefy red tongue shortly before her death. Autopsy suggested pernicious anemia, and the cause of death would most likely reveal:

What hemodynamic change should the nurse monitor for in a patient who has a reduction in the number of circulating erythrocytes?

A patient has microcytic hypochromic anemia. Which of the following pathogenic mechanisms may cause anemia in this patient? (Select all that apply.)

A 45-year-old is diagnosed with macrocytic, normochromic anemia. What does the pathophysiology of this condition involve?

A 57-year-old male presents to his primary care provider for red face, hands, feet, ears, and headache and drowsiness. A blood smear reveals an increased number of erythrocytes. What does this indicate?

A nurse checks individuals with liver disease for clotting problems because:

A patient wants to know about risk factors for acute leukemia. Which of the following should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

What is leukocytosis?

A 35-year-old male has enlarged lymph nodes in the neck and a mediastinal mass. He was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma. Which of the following abnormal cells would the nurse expect to find with this disease?

A patient who demonstrates chronic gastrointestinal bleeding is diagnosed with anemia. What is the primary cause of the patient's anemia?

A 45-year-old male is diagnosed with sideroblastic anemia. When he asks what the most likely cause of this disease is, what is the nurse's best response?

Laboratory results showing high iron, bilirubin, and transferrin and low hemoglobin and hematocrit would support a diagnosis of which form of anemia?

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defence

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children and Adolescents

Structure and Function of the Neurological System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction

Alterations of Neurological Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematological System

Alterations of Hematological Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urological Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculo-Skeletal System

Alterations of Musculo-Skeletal Function

Alterations of Musculo-Skeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Filters

A 2-year-old malnourished child is diagnosed with vitamin B₁₂ and folate deficiencies. A blood smear suggests the deficiency is macrocytic and normochromic. What would the hemoglobin level be?

A nurse realizes that a patient has thrombocytopenia when the platelet count is below _____ * 10⁹/L.