Question 1

A 35-year-old presents with pulmonary hypertension and is diagnosed as being in right heart failure. Which is the most likely cause of this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aortic stenosis 
B)  Tricuspid regurgitation 
C)  Aortic regurgitation 
D)  Mitral regurgitation 
A)  Aortic stenosis 
B)  Tricuspid regurgitation 
C)  Aortic regurgitation 
D)  Mitral regurgitation

Question 2

What are foam cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deposited adipose cells in fatty streaks 
B)  Injured neutrophils 
C)  Macrophages that have engulfed low-density lipoprotein (LDL). 
D)  Lipid-laden mast cells. 
A)  Deposited adipose cells in fatty streaks 
B)  Injured neutrophils 
C)  Macrophages that have engulfed low-density lipoprotein (LDL). 
D)  Lipid-laden mast cells.

Question 3

A 62-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting chest pain at rest and with exertion. He does not have a history of coronary artery disease and reports that the pain often occurs at night. He is most likely experiencing which type of angina?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unstable 
B)  Stable 
C)  Prinzmetal 
D)  Silent 
A)  Unstable 
B)  Stable 
C)  Prinzmetal 
D)  Silent

Question 4

A 51-year-old male presents with recurrent chest pain on exertion and is diagnosed with angina pectoris. The pain occurs when:

Accepted Answer

A)  cardiac output has fallen below normal levels. 
B)  the myocardial oxygen supply has fallen below demand. 
C)  myocardial stretch has exceeded the upper limits. 
D)  the vagus nerve is stimulated. 
A)  cardiac output has fallen below normal levels. 
B)  the myocardial oxygen supply has fallen below demand. 
C)  myocardial stretch has exceeded the upper limits. 
D)  the vagus nerve is stimulated.

Question 5

What chamber is unable to empty completely in the presence of mitral stenosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Right atrium 
B)  Right ventricle 
C)  Left atrium 
D)  Left ventricle 
A)  Right atrium 
B)  Right ventricle 
C)  Left atrium 
D)  Left ventricle

Question 6

A nurse recalls that the most common cardiac valve disorder is:

Accepted Answer

A)  mitral valve prolapse. 
B)  pulmonary stenosis. 
C)  tricuspid valve prolapse. 
D)  aortic stenosis. 
A)  mitral valve prolapse. 
B)  pulmonary stenosis. 
C)  tricuspid valve prolapse. 
D)  aortic stenosis.

Exam 24: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

A 35-year-old presents with pulmonary hypertension and is diagnosed as being in right heart failure. Which is the most likely cause of this condition?

What are foam cells?

A 62-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting chest pain at rest and with exertion. He does not have a history of coronary artery disease and reports that the pain often occurs at night. He is most likely experiencing which type of angina?

A 51-year-old male presents with recurrent chest pain on exertion and is diagnosed with angina pectoris. The pain occurs when:

What chamber is unable to empty completely in the presence of mitral stenosis?

A nurse recalls that the most common cardiac valve disorder is:

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defence

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children and Adolescents

Structure and Function of the Neurological System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction

Alterations of Neurological Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematological System

Alterations of Hematological Function

Alterations of Hematological Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urological Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculo-Skeletal System

Alterations of Musculo-Skeletal Function

Alterations of Musculo-Skeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

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