Exam 2: Theories

Evolutionary theory is based on the idea that thoughts and expectations affect actions.

Developmentalists who subscribe to the eclectic perspective select what they consider to be the best aspects of each theory to explain development.

According to evolutionary theory, why are so many people afraid of snakes?

Theories can produce _____, generate discoveries, and offer practical guidance.

In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, old ideas are restructured to include new experiences through the type of adaptation known as _____.

The _____ theory states that every individual learns many things through observation and imitation of other people.

Freud believed that personality _____.

Thirteen- year-old Mishal has never taken any singing lessons before, but she has decided to join her school choir. While there she met a new friend, who introduced her to a new sport. Mishal is trying out new activities and new friends because she's in Erikson's _____ stage of development.

Sally has a dog at home, so she knows about dogs. She is walking down the street and sees an animal walking toward her. The animal has four legs, fur, and a tail. Sally knows that these are characteristics of dogs. But the animal coming toward her is meowing, not barking. Sally's mom tells her that the animal is a cat. Now when Sally sees an animal with four legs, a tail, and fur, she will conclude that it is a dog if it barks and a cat if it meows, illustrating _____.

In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, new experiences are reinterpreted to fit into old ideas through the type of adaptation known as _____.

Operant conditioning is also referred to as _____.

A developmental theory is a systematic statement of general principles that provides a framework for understanding how and why people change as they grow older.

What is one benefit of genetic diversity within a species?

The foundation of psychoanalytic theory is _____.

A major difference between Erikson and Freud is that _____.

The _____ theory was inspired by the input, programming, memory, and output of a computer.

A _____ is an explanation of facts and observations defined by a set of concepts and ideas that organize phenomena.

When Scott gets home from work, his infant son, Mino, smiles and kicks his legs. Pavlov would say that Scott's arrival has been paired with playtime, so now Mino is displaying a _____ to Scott's arrival.

In classical conditioning, a meaningful stimulus becomes linked to a neutral stimulus.

Theories undermine the development of hypotheses.