Exam 9: Early Childhood: Cognitive Development

Head Start provides the strongest benefits for children from the lowest income families, for those living in _____ areas, and for those with disabilities.

Preschools that reliably benefit early-childhood learning share a _____ approach.

About _____ percent of U.S. 3- and 4-year-olds attend Head Start programs.

Intensive early-childhood programs have been implemented in the United States. Give at least four examples of ways in which children benefit from early intervention (in the short term or the long term).

The belief that inanimate things (furniture, moon, clouds) are alive is called _____.

Amy designed her preschool classroom with several play areas that can accommodate groups of children so that they can learn from one another. Her classroom shows the influence of _____, who thought that children learn from other children in addition to adults.

According to Vygotsky, a child's first guided participation is provided by a guide who is likely a(n) _____.

The process by which children develop an interconnected set of categories for words is called _____.

According to Piaget, one of the reasons that logic is beyond young children is that _____.

Maturation of the brain's _____ is required for the development of a child's capacity to understand the perspective of others.

Which child is likely to have the most advanced theory of mind?

The term for the time when language learning is most easily and readily accomplished is a _____.

"You are your mom's daughter, right?" Grandpa asked Beatriz. "Yes!" Beatriz eagerly answered. "Well, your mom is my daughter," Grandpa replied. "No! She's my Mommy!" Beatriz exclaimed. Why did Beatriz make this error?

_____ designed a special educational program with structured, individualized projects meant to give children a sense of accomplishment.

The development of theory of mind has been demonstrated across cultures.

Four-year-old Graciela is a fluent bilingual, which means that she _____.

Sydney helps her 2-year-old daughter to make hot chocolate. She helps the child to measure teaspoons of cocoa into a cup, add water, stir the contents, and then microwave the cup. Sydney is providing _____.

The goal of most teacher-directed preschools is _____.

Overimitation is demonstrated when 2- to 6-year-old children imitate adult actions that are irrelevant, time-consuming, and inefficient.

The results of a study in which 3- to 6-year-old children copied adults who waved a red stick before using it to open a box revealed that scaffolding occurs through observation as well as explicit guidance.