Exam 9: Early Childhood: Cognitive Development

The "vocabulary explosion" typically occurs at about 1 year of age.

Piaget believed that until about age 6, it is difficult for children to think _____.

Many Head Start graduates begin elementary school with improved literacy and math skills but also with more reported behavioral problems by first grade. Why?

According to your text, it benefits children's intellectual flexibility when they _____.

Four-year-old Faisal and his mother were visiting Faisal's older sister's kindergarten classroom. Faisal pointed at his sister's teacher and asked his mother, "What's that mom's name?" Faisal's apparent assumption that all women are mothers is evidence of his use of _____.

A preschool program that teaches basic skills (precursors to reading, writing, and arithmetic) in order to prepare children to be "ready to learn" when they enter elementary school is called a(n) _____ program.

Formal preschool education is government-sponsored in several European nations.

Most teacher-directed preschool programs stress _____.

Preschoolers make mistakes in conservation problems because they focus strictly on _____.

A theory of mind is one's own personal understanding of the complex interaction among emotions, perceptions, thoughts, and intentions in oneself and others.

Explain the difference between Piaget's concept of egocentrism and the concept of egocentrism as it is used in common language. Give an example of each of the two different usages.

A child's ability to add new vocabulary words very quickly is called _____.

Sunnymont Preschool has plenty of opportunities for children to play dress-up, dance, build with blocks, finger-paint, and be creative. Sunnymont is most likely a _____ program.

"I catched two mouses in a trap" is an example of _____.

In which area do Head Start students continue to outperform non-Head Start students in elementary school?

Have scientists changed their stance over the years about whether early childhood is a critical period or a sensitive period for language learning? What is the current consensus?

Learning vocabulary by connecting a new word to words and categories that are already understood is called _____.

Early-childhood educational programs that are designed to meet children's developmental and growth needs are called _____ programs.

Francesca is frustrated when trying to learn to tie her shoelaces. According to Vygotsky, should her parents get involved, or should they let her try to master this task on her own? If they decide to get involved, what should her parents do?

The young children who are least likely to attend preschool in the United States are those from _____ homes.