Exam 9: Early Childhood: Cognitive Development

A language shift occurs when children become as fluent in their new language as they are in their home language.

What was the curricular approach in the three early-intervention programs described in the text?

The underlying factor that allows the development of theory of mind is static reasoning.

The structures, rules, and techniques used to communicate meaning in language are called _____.

According to Vygotsky, the set of skills that a boy can perform with assistance but not independently is considered to be within his _____.

Child-centered programs stress children's development and growth through _____.

Ivan was playing under the kitchen table when he stood up suddenly and bumped his head. He pointed at the table and sternly said, "Naughty table!" This is an example of _____.

Only after a child has developed theory of mind can he or she _____.

The child who says, "I throwed the ball," or "My tooths hurt," is demonstrating a language error called _____.

Benjy is a preschooler. He can put a dish into the microwave and press the "2" button to cook for two minutes. One day he sees his mother wipe the front of the microwave with a damp paper towel before she presses a number button. After that, Benjy rubs the front of the microwave with a napkin before he presses the number button. Why?

The best time to learn a second language is in early childhood.

One of Vygotsky's most famous concepts was the zone of proximal development, which asserts that _____.

Explain and discuss the process of fast-mapping and the related idea of logical extension. Give an example of each concept.

Learning Circle Preschool emphasizes individual pride and achievement while focusing on teaching young children literacy-related tasks. Learning Circle's approach seems to most closely resemble a(n) _____ program.

Vygotsky believed that cognitive growth was a process of individual discovery, propelled by experience and biological maturation.

Aaliyah lies in her bed at night, talking out loud. Her parents listen from the hallway and hear her talking about her day as if she's talking to another person. What should her parents conclude about Aaliyah's behavior?

Neuroscience finds that young _____ children store two languages in the same areas of their brains.

Joachim lives in the United States. His mother speaks to him in Spanish. His father speaks to him in German. His parents hope that Joachim will _____.

One of the benefits of being bilingual is _____.

Jessica is reading a storybook aloud to her 3-year-old daughter, Abigail. Abigail's father says, "Why are you bothering? It's not like she's going to learn to read from that." What would you tell Abigail's father about reading to preschoolers?