Exam 9: Early Childhood: Cognitive Development

While attending a carnival at Jia's preschool, Jia's mother told her, "Stay here while I get us some cookies over there." Instead of waiting where she was, Jia followed her mother to the cookie table. What is the best explanation for Jia's behavior?

A preschool child thinks that a tall 20-year-old man is older than a short 40-year-old man. This is an example of _____.

A child watches a ball of modeling clay being rolled into a Tootsie Roll shape. If the child perceives that there is the same amount of modeling clay before and after it is rolled out, that child understands the concept of _____.

Evelyn dropped a tiny spot of ketchup on her pants during lunch. Even though her teacher was able to completely remove the spot, Evelyn is crying hysterically and says that she wants to go home because her outfit is ruined. Her behavior demonstrates the characteristic of preoperational thought known as _____.

In the United States, low-income children are offered a free preschool education through _____.

Skills that the child can accomplish with assistance but can't yet perform independently are part of _____.

Discuss the major differences between child-centered and teacher-directed early-childhood education programs. What does each type of program emphasize in its work with young children?

Researchers have discovered that _____ helps a child to develop theory of mind months ahead of a child who does not.

Compared to children who did not attend an intensive early-intervention program, longitudinal studies showed that the children who did participate _____.

The temporary, sensitive structure provided by others to a developing child who is learning new skills is known as the zone of proximal development.

Overregularization in a child's speech patterns indicates that _____.

Montessori schools focus on using materials and projects in such a way that children have a strong sense of accomplishment.

An evaluation of Head Start found that benefits were apparent for children _____.

The process by which people learn from others who lead their experiences and explorations is called guided participation.

A few days ago, Hester's parents disciplined her because she refused to eat her green beans. Today when her parents announced that they were going to get a divorce, Hester cried, "Is it because I was bad? I'll be good!" Hester's conclusion that her failure to eat her green beans is the reason her parents are getting divorced displays Hester's _____.

Child-centered programs are often influenced by the theories of Piaget and _____.

According to Vygotsky, within the context of thought, language is a tool _____.

When a child learns a word and then uses it to describe other objects in the same category (such as calling a black-and-white cow a "Dalmatian cow" after learning about Dalmatian dogs), the child is using _____.

Overregularization is a sign of increased verbal knowledge.

Preoperational thought involves logic more than magical, self-centered imagination.