Exam 2: Theories

Chinh is a 1-year-old little girl. She has been walking with support for several weeks and is just about to take her first unsupported step. She staggers a little and then falls. She gets back to her feet and is ready to try again. It sounds like walking unsupported is _____.

With regard to cognitive development, Piaget argued that _____.

The boss praised his hourly employees for their good work. The boss hopes that the praise encourages the employees to continue to work hard. In this example, the reinforcement is _____.

According to Piaget, when old ideas are restructured to include new experiences, it is called _____.

In operant conditioning, an individual follows a modeled behavior.

Erikson's stages of psychosocial development cover only the early years of life.

Within his theory of psychosocial development, _____ emphasized relationships to family and culture at each stage of the theory.

_____ is the psychoanalytic theorist who described eight stages of human development.

Each developmental theory has received severe criticism. The _____ theory has been criticized for ignoring the power of current morals, laws, and norms.

Tammy grew up watching her parents fight. Now that Tammy is an adult, she does not want to fight all the time with her romantic partners. Which of the following explains how Tammy learned that she did not want a relationship filled with conflict?

According to cognitive theory, our thoughts shape our _____.

Cognitive theory is also called modeling.

Which of these is the correct sequential order of Piaget's four stages of cognitive development?

Chris is helpful and cooperative and takes care of his family and friends. Aaron is selfish and arrogant and puts his needs before his family and friends. Whose traits would likely be selected for future generations in order to meet the evolutionary goals of humans?

Each developmental theory has received severe criticism. The _____ theory has been criticized for being too subjective.

Each developmental theory has received severe criticism. The _____ theory has been criticized for neglecting individual choice.

In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the more effortful cognitive adaptation is _____.

Social learning theory focuses on learning that occurs from _____.

The theories that have brought an understanding of intellectual processes and how our thoughts and beliefs affect every aspect of our development are _____ theories.

Critics of behaviorism argue that the theory _____.