Exam 2: Theories

Learning as defined in behaviorism is _____ the general definition of learning.

What is a developmental theory? Identify the three things discussed in the text that a theory can do.

The so-called "new" theories, unlike the grand theories, are multidisciplinary. Evolutionary theory, for example, draws on the work of _____.

Which theory of development emphasized unconscious drives and early experiences, and which emphasized understanding how a person thinks?

The foundation of cognitive theory is _____.

Who argued that if psychology was to be a true science, psychologists should examine only what can be seen and measured?

It is time for 2-year-old Mira and her mother to leave for preschool. However, Mira insists that she must put on her shoes by herself. It seems that Mira is in Erikson's _____ stage of development.

American behaviorists believe that psychologists should focus on _____.

According to your text, theories produce _____.

One of the reasons that school-age children (5-12 years of age) tend to enjoy working on worksheets, or making collections of objects, or practicing their hobby is because they are in Erikson's _____ stage of development.

According to John Watson, psychologists should study observable behavior.

Theorists who promote classical conditioning differ from theorists who promote operant conditioning in their beliefs about the source of learned behavior. Which of these statements is true?

Preferences for emotional and sexual faithfulness between romantic partners have been explained from an evolutionary perspective.

Within Vygotsky's zone of proximal development, the role of the more skilled member of society is to _____ in order to help the novice learn.

A father operates in a zone of proximal development when he helps his daughter learn how to ride a bike by herself through adjusting the level of support he provides her.

In class, Sam learned that some theorists link happiness to productivity. From this, he developed the thought that happy employees in a factory will produce more products per hour. In this example, Sam's theory led him to _____.

The process by which a neutral stimulus is gradually linked to a meaningful stimulus is called _____.

Sociocultural theory states that human development results from the dynamic interaction between a person's genes and unconscious drives.

_____ is the process by which genes for traits that aid survival and reproduction are selected over time to allow the species to thrive.

Observational learning is also called _____.