Question 1

A self-serving bias is a tendency to attribute our positive outcomes to ____ and negative outcomes to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  situational causes; dispositional causes 
B)  dispositional causes; situational causes 
C)  consensus; uniqueness 
D)  ego strength; ego weakness 
A)  situational causes; dispositional causes 
B)  dispositional causes; situational causes 
C)  consensus; uniqueness 
D)  ego strength; ego weakness

Question 2

According to dissonance theory, how do people usually reduce dissonance?

Accepted Answer

A)  by changing their emotions 
B)  by changing their cognitions 
C)  by changing their perceptions 
D)  by changing their behaviors 
A)  by changing their emotions 
B)  by changing their cognitions 
C)  by changing their perceptions 
D)  by changing their behaviors

Question 3

Samantha had not really thought much about who she would vote for in the election, but for the entire month before the election, she constantly heard messages saying: "Vote for Don Green. He's the best person for the job." On election day, after voting for Don Green, she told her friends that she believed he truly was the best candidate. Based on the research into factors which influence persuasion, it appears that Samantha has been influenced MOST by

Accepted Answer

A)  repetition of a message. 
B)  the presentation of a one-sided argument. 
C)  Don Green's expertise and credibility. 
D)  Don Green's trustworthiness and likeability. 
A)  repetition of a message. 
B)  the presentation of a one-sided argument. 
C)  Don Green's expertise and credibility. 
D)  Don Green's trustworthiness and likeability.

Question 4

Widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group are BEST described as

Accepted Answer

A)  person perception. 
B)  prejudice. 
C)  social schemas. 
D)  stereotypes. 
A)  person perception. 
B)  prejudice. 
C)  social schemas. 
D)  stereotypes.

Question 5

Austin believes that the proposed construction of a new sports stadium for the professional baseball franchise in his city is a bad idea. Tonight he will be attending an open meeting where the advantages and disadvantages of building the new stadium will be discussed. Based on research that has shown that people display a disconfirmation bias, you should predict that Austin will

Accepted Answer

A)  scrutinize the arguments against the construction of the stadium more than the arguments for the construction. 
B)  scrutinize the arguments for the construction of the stadium more than the arguments against the construction. 
C)  ignore any arguments that are presented for the construction of the stadium. 
D)  carefully analyze all the arguments that are presented during the meeting. 
A)  scrutinize the arguments against the construction of the stadium more than the arguments for the construction. 
B)  scrutinize the arguments for the construction of the stadium more than the arguments against the construction. 
C)  ignore any arguments that are presented for the construction of the stadium. 
D)  carefully analyze all the arguments that are presented during the meeting.

Question 6

According to Sternberg, long-term, older relationships are dominated by

Accepted Answer

A)  passion and romantic love. 
B)  commitment and passion. 
C)  commitment and intimacy. 
D)  fatuous and companionate love. 
A)  passion and romantic love. 
B)  commitment and passion. 
C)  commitment and intimacy. 
D)  fatuous and companionate love.

Question 7

A person experiences an unpleasant state of tension when related attitudes or beliefs are inconsistent or contradict each other according to

Accepted Answer

A)  the persuasion model. 
B)  the elaboration likelihood model. 
C)  cognitive dissonance theory. 
D)  observational learning. 
A)  the persuasion model. 
B)  the elaboration likelihood model. 
C)  cognitive dissonance theory. 
D)  observational learning.

Question 8

According to Sternberg (1988), companionate love can be subdivided into

Accepted Answer

A)  friendship and sexuality. 
B)  sexuality and commitment. 
C)  commitment and intimacy. 
D)  intimacy and friendship. 
A)  friendship and sexuality. 
B)  sexuality and commitment. 
C)  commitment and intimacy. 
D)  intimacy and friendship.

Question 9

Which statement is NOT an accurate reflection of relationships on the Internet?

Accepted Answer

A)  Internet relationships are just as intimate as face-to-face ones. 
B)  The Internet allows people to take risks in self disclosure. 
C)  Internet relationships seldom evolve into face-to-face relationships. 
D)  Similarity of interests assumes more power than in face-to-face relationships. 
A)  Internet relationships are just as intimate as face-to-face ones. 
B)  The Internet allows people to take risks in self disclosure. 
C)  Internet relationships seldom evolve into face-to-face relationships. 
D)  Similarity of interests assumes more power than in face-to-face relationships.

Question 10

A father suggests that his son's low marks in school are due to the child's laziness. The father has made

Accepted Answer

A)  an external attribution. 
B)  a distinctive attribution. 
C)  an internal attribution. 
D)  a situational attribution. 
A)  an external attribution. 
B)  a distinctive attribution. 
C)  an internal attribution. 
D)  a situational attribution.

Question 11

Which of the following dimensions of attitudes are MOST likely to be correlated?

Accepted Answer

A)  strength and ambivalence 
B)  accessibility and strength 
C)  accessibility and ambivalence 
D)  distinctiveness and ambivalence 
A)  strength and ambivalence 
B)  accessibility and strength 
C)  accessibility and ambivalence 
D)  distinctiveness and ambivalence

Question 12

Which of the following dimensions of an attitude refers to whether the attitude relates to an issue that can affect an individual's personal outcomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  strength 
B)  ambivalence 
C)  accessibility 
D)  vested interest 
A)  strength 
B)  ambivalence 
C)  accessibility 
D)  vested interest

Question 13

The state that exists when related cognitions are inconsistent or contradict one another is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  discrimination. 
B)  cognitive dissonance. 
C)  conformity. 
D)  obedience. 
A)  discrimination. 
B)  cognitive dissonance. 
C)  conformity. 
D)  obedience.

Question 14

Travis saw a television advertisement in which a new long-distance telephone service provider showed a vignette of pleasant family scenes while some relaxing music played in the background. Later, when Travis is asked about this particular long-distance service provider, he has a positive attitude toward their service, even though he actually uses a different long-distance service. Travis's attitude appears to have developed through the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive dissonance. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  operant conditioning. 
A)  cognitive dissonance. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  operant conditioning.

Question 15

Which of the following are Japanese subjects more likely to engage in than American subjects?

Accepted Answer

A)  individualism 
B)  self-serving bias 
C)  self-effacing bias 
D)  fundamental attribution error 
A)  individualism 
B)  self-serving bias 
C)  self-effacing bias 
D)  fundamental attribution error

Question 16

Chiura was born and raised in Japan; Otis was born and raised in the United States. Based on cross-cultural studies comparing individualistic and collectivist cultures, Chiura is

Accepted Answer

A)  less likely to exhibit a self-serving bias in explaining success. 
B)  more likely to exhibit a self-serving bias in explaining success. 
C)  less likely to experience cognitive dissonance. 
D)  more likely to experience cognitive dissonance. 
A)  less likely to exhibit a self-serving bias in explaining success. 
B)  more likely to exhibit a self-serving bias in explaining success. 
C)  less likely to experience cognitive dissonance. 
D)  more likely to experience cognitive dissonance.

Question 17

The branch of psychology concerned with the way individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others is

Accepted Answer

A)  individual psychology. 
B)  social psychology. 
C)  abnormal psychology. 
D)  cultural psychology. 
A)  individual psychology. 
B)  social psychology. 
C)  abnormal psychology. 
D)  cultural psychology.

Question 18

Attributing one's successes to dispositional factors and one's failures to situational factors is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  the fundamental attribution error. 
B)  a self-serving bias. 
C)  the actor-observer bias. 
D)  a self-enhancing strategy. 
A)  the fundamental attribution error. 
B)  a self-serving bias. 
C)  the actor-observer bias. 
D)  a self-enhancing strategy.

Question 19

As a result of the fundamental attribution error, if you observe a construction worker relaxing under a tree, you would be MOST likely to conclude that the worker

Accepted Answer

A)  is taking his scheduled work break. 
B)  is lazy. 
C)  is taking a well-deserved break after strenuous work. 
D)  is taking a break because it is hot and humid today. 
A)  is taking his scheduled work break. 
B)  is lazy. 
C)  is taking a well-deserved break after strenuous work. 
D)  is taking a break because it is hot and humid today.

Question 20

John notices he's been eating carrots a lot lately. From this John infers that he must like carrots. John's positive attitude toward carrots can be explained by

Accepted Answer

A)  attribution theory. 
B)  the actor-observer bias. 
C)  self-perception theory. 
D)  the lens model of attitude-behavior relationships. 
A)  attribution theory. 
B)  the actor-observer bias. 
C)  self-perception theory. 
D)  the lens model of attitude-behavior relationships.

Exam 31: Social Behavior Part 1

A self-serving bias is a tendency to attribute our positive outcomes to ____ and negative outcomes to ____.

According to dissonance theory, how do people usually reduce dissonance?

Widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group are BEST described as

According to Sternberg, long-term, older relationships are dominated by

A person experiences an unpleasant state of tension when related attitudes or beliefs are inconsistent or contradict each other according to

According to Sternberg (1988), companionate love can be subdivided into

Which statement is NOT an accurate reflection of relationships on the Internet?

A father suggests that his son's low marks in school are due to the child's laziness. The father has made

Which of the following dimensions of attitudes are MOST likely to be correlated?

Which of the following dimensions of an attitude refers to whether the attitude relates to an issue that can affect an individual's personal outcomes?

The state that exists when related cognitions are inconsistent or contradict one another is known as

Which of the following are Japanese subjects more likely to engage in than American subjects?

Chiura was born and raised in Japan; Otis was born and raised in the United States. Based on cross-cultural studies comparing individualistic and collectivist cultures, Chiura is

The branch of psychology concerned with the way individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others is

Attributing one's successes to dispositional factors and one's failures to situational factors is referred to as

As a result of the fundamental attribution error, if you observe a construction worker relaxing under a tree, you would be MOST likely to conclude that the worker

John notices he's been eating carrots a lot lately. From this John infers that he must like carrots. John's positive attitude toward carrots can be explained by

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A self-serving bias is a tendency to attribute our positive outcomes to and negative outcomes to .