Question 1

Match each definition to one of the terms below.
-ΔG° = −RT ln Keq

Accepted Answer

A) transition state 
B) endergonic reaction 
C) activation energy 
D) Gibbs free energy change 
E) exergonic reaction
F)reaction intermediate 
A) transition state 
B) endergonic reaction 
C) activation energy 
D) Gibbs free energy change 
E) exergonic reaction
F)reaction intermediate D

Question 2

Use the reaction energy diagram below to answer the following question(s).  
-The products are found at _____ on the diagram.

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D D

Question 3

Identify and label the nucleophile and electrophile in each reaction below.
-Identify and label:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify and label the nucleophile and electrophile...

Question 4

Match each definition to one of the terms below.
-A species that lies at an energy maximum during an individual step in a reaction.

Accepted Answer

A) transition state 
B) endergonic reaction 
C) activation energy 
D) Gibbs free energy change 
E) exergonic reaction
F)reaction intermediate 
A) transition state 
B) endergonic reaction 
C) activation energy 
D) Gibbs free energy change 
E) exergonic reaction
F)reaction intermediate

Question 5

In an organic reaction, which of the following is most likely to function as only a nucleophile?

Accepted Answer

A)  BF3 
B)  (CH3)2CH2NH2 
C)  Fe2+ 
D)  CH3CH2S− 
E)  both a and c 
A)  BF3 
B)  (CH3)2CH2NH2 
C)  Fe2+ 
D)  CH3CH2S− 
E)  both a and c

Question 6

Use the first step of the reaction of 2-bromo-2-methylpropane with water, shown below, to answer the following question(s).  
-In the following generic reaction between a halogen (X) and an alkane (R), which of the following steps occurs slowly due to low concentration of reactants?

Accepted Answer

A) X⎯X → 2X∙ 
B) X∙ + R → HX + R∙ 
C) R∙ + X⎯X → RX + X∙ 
D) X∙ + R∙ → RX 
E) X∙ + X∙ → X⎯X
F)R∙ + R∙ → R⎯R 
A) X⎯X → 2X∙ 
B) X∙ + R → HX + R∙ 
C) R∙ + X⎯X → RX + X∙ 
D) X∙ + R∙ → RX 
E) X∙ + X∙ → X⎯X
F)R∙ + R∙ → R⎯R

Question 7

How many monochlorosubstitution products are possible for 2,3-dimethylbutane?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  4 
D)  5 
E)  6 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  4 
D)  5 
E)  6

Question 8

In theory, upon reaction with water in the presence of a strong acid, which of the following will produce more than one isomeric product?

Accepted Answer

A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E)  Both b and d 
A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E)  Both b and d

Question 9

In the reaction below:
a)Label the nucleophile (Nu) and the electrophile (E).
b)Draw arrows on the structures showing electron flow in the reaction.
-Predict the two alcohol addition products obtained by reaction of the following alkene with aqueous acid.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the reaction below:
a)Label the nucleophile (Nu)...

Question 10

Use the reaction energy diagram below to answer the following question(s).  
-The reactants are found at _____ on the diagram.

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D

Question 11

Use the reaction energy diagram below to answer the following question(s).  
-The free-energy change for the reaction is indicated at _____ on the diagram.

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D

Question 12

Identify the functional groups present in each compound below, and predict the direction of polarity in each.
-Identify and predict:
amphetamine

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the functional groups present in each...

Question 13

Add curved arrows to the following reaction(s) to indicate the flow of electrons in each.
-Indicate flow:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Add curved arrows to the following reaction(s)...

Question 14

Add curved arrows to the following reaction(s) to indicate the flow of electrons in each.
-Consider the following reaction:   a)Assuming that the first step is the slow step, draw and label a qualitative energy diagram for the reaction.
b)If the second step of the reaction were the slow step, briefly explain how the values of ΔG‡1, ΔG‡2, and ΔG° would change.

Accepted Answer

a) @#IMG-DLM& b)ΔG^‡₂ >

Question 15

The reaction below is commonly used as a laboratory preparation of cyclohexene. Use this reaction to answer the following question(s).  
-Refer to instructions. The forward and reverse reactions are classified, respectively, as:

Accepted Answer

A)  addition, elimination 
B)  elimination, substitution 
C)  elimination, addition 
D)  elimination, rearrangement 
E)  substitution, addition 
A)  addition, elimination 
B)  elimination, substitution 
C)  elimination, addition 
D)  elimination, rearrangement 
E)  substitution, addition

Question 16

Use the first step of the reaction of 2-bromo-2-methylpropane with water, shown below, to answer the following question(s).  
-Refer to instructions. Species B is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a carbocation 
B)  a radical 
C)  a carbanion 
D)  a free radical 
A)  a carbocation 
B)  a radical 
C)  a carbanion 
D)  a free radical

Question 17

Identify and label the nucleophile and electrophile in each reaction below.
-Identify and label:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify and label the nucleophile and electrophile...

Question 18

Classify each structure below as a nucleophile or electrophile, and briefly explain your choice.
-Classify and explain:
phenol

Accepted Answer

Phenol can

Question 19

Match each definition to one of the terms below.
-Another term used for a Lewis acid.

Accepted Answer

A) polarization 
B) addition reaction 
C) radical reaction 
D) electrophile 
E) polar reaction
F)substitution
G)nucleophile
H)elimination reaction 
A) polarization 
B) addition reaction 
C) radical reaction 
D) electrophile 
E) polar reaction
F)substitution
G)nucleophile
H)elimination reaction

Question 20

Which of the following is a characteristic of a polar reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  symmetrical bond making and breaking 
B)  one electron from each reactant forms the bond 
C)  involves a neutral species with an unpaired electron 
D)  are more common that radical reactions 
E)  all of these 
A)  symmetrical bond making and breaking 
B)  one electron from each reactant forms the bond 
C)  involves a neutral species with an unpaired electron 
D)  are more common that radical reactions 
E)  all of these

Exam 6: An Overview of Organic Reactions

Match each definition to one of the terms below. -ΔG° = −RT ln Keq

Use the reaction energy diagram below to answer the following question(s). -The products are found at _____ on the diagram.

Identify and label the nucleophile and electrophile in each reaction below. -Identify and label:

Match each definition to one of the terms below. -A species that lies at an energy maximum during an individual step in a reaction.

In an organic reaction, which of the following is most likely to function as only a nucleophile?

Use the first step of the reaction of 2-bromo-2-methylpropane with water, shown below, to answer the following question(s). -In the following generic reaction between a halogen (X) and an alkane (R), which of the following steps occurs slowly due to low concentration of reactants?

How many monochlorosubstitution products are possible for 2,3-dimethylbutane?

In theory, upon reaction with water in the presence of a strong acid, which of the following will produce more than one isomeric product?

In the reaction below: a)Label the nucleophile (Nu) and the electrophile (E). b)Draw arrows on the structures showing electron flow in the reaction. -Predict the two alcohol addition products obtained by reaction of the following alkene with aqueous acid.

Use the reaction energy diagram below to answer the following question(s). -The reactants are found at _____ on the diagram.

Use the reaction energy diagram below to answer the following question(s). -The free-energy change for the reaction is indicated at _____ on the diagram.

Identify the functional groups present in each compound below, and predict the direction of polarity in each. -Identify and predict: amphetamine

Add curved arrows to the following reaction(s) to indicate the flow of electrons in each. -Indicate flow:

The reaction below is commonly used as a laboratory preparation of cyclohexene. Use this reaction to answer the following question(s). -Refer to instructions. The forward and reverse reactions are classified, respectively, as:

Use the first step of the reaction of 2-bromo-2-methylpropane with water, shown below, to answer the following question(s). -Refer to instructions. Species B is:

Identify and label the nucleophile and electrophile in each reaction below. -Identify and label:

Classify each structure below as a nucleophile or electrophile, and briefly explain your choice. -Classify and explain: phenol

Match each definition to one of the terms below. -Another term used for a Lewis acid.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a polar reaction?

Structure and Bonding

Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases

Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry

Organic Compounds: Cycloalkanes and Their Stereochemistry

Stereochemistry at Tetrahedral Centers

Alkenes and Alkynes

Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes

Aromatic Compounds

Structure Determination: Mass Spectrometry, Infrared Spectroscopy, and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy

Structure Determination: Mass Spectrometry, Infrared Spectroscopy, and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy

Structure Determination: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Organohalides: Nucleophilic Substitutions and Eliminations

Alcohols, Phenols, and Thiols; Ethers and Sulfides

Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition Reactions

Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions

Carbonyl Alpha-Substitution and Condensation Reactions

Amines and Heterocycles

Biomolecules: Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins

Amino Acid Metabolism

Biomolecules: Carbohydrates

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Biomolecules: Lipids and Their Metabolism

Biomolecules: Nucleic Acids and Their Metabolism

Orbitals and Organic Chemistry: Pericyclic Reactionse

Synthetic Polymerse

Filters

Match each definition to one of the terms below. -ΔG° = −RT ln K_eq