Question 1

What is required for active transport across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium 
B)  Sodium 
C)  ATP 
D)  Potassium 
A)  Calcium 
B)  Sodium 
C)  ATP 
D)  Potassium C

Question 2

When BUN and creatinine are elevated in renal failure, which of the following acid-base disturbances is usually also present?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic acidosis 
B)  Metabolic alkalosis 
C)  Respiratory acidosis 
D)  Respiratory alkalosis 
A)  Metabolic acidosis 
B)  Metabolic alkalosis 
C)  Respiratory acidosis 
D)  Respiratory alkalosis A

Question 3

Which of the following are important mechanisms for Na+ reabsorption?
I.Primary active transport
II.Chloride shift
III.Water retention
IV.Secondary active secretion of hydrogen and potassium ions.

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, III 
B)  I, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  II, III 
A)  I, II, III 
B)  I, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  II, III B

Question 4

Which of the following organs is the most powerful and complete in its ability to restore a normal pH?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kidney 
B)  Lung 
C)  Brain 
D)  Heart 
A)  Kidney 
B)  Lung 
C)  Brain 
D)  Heart

Question 5

Which of the following are important functions of sodium, potassium, and chloride?
I.Maintaining normal fluid volume
II.Maintaining nerve impulse transmission
III.Maintaining muscle contraction
IV.Maintaining urine output

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, III 
B)  III, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  II, III 
A)  I, II, III 
B)  III, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  II, III

Question 6

Which of the following terms describes the change in pH caused by volume loss?

Accepted Answer

A)  Contraction acidosis 
B)  Metabolic acidosis 
C)  Metabolic alkalosis 
D)  Contraction alkalosis 
A)  Contraction acidosis 
B)  Metabolic acidosis 
C)  Metabolic alkalosis 
D)  Contraction alkalosis

Question 7

Primary active transport accounts for what percentage of sodium reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

A)  50% 
B)  60% 
C)  70% 
D)  80% 
A)  50% 
B)  60% 
C)  70% 
D)  80%

Question 8

Which of the following buffers transport excess H+ ions in the urine?
I.Phosphate
II.Ammonia
III.HCO3-
IV.Hb

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, III 
B)  III, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  II, III 
A)  I, II, III 
B)  III, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  II, III

Question 9

Which of the following mechanisms control potassium excretion?
I.Extracellular fluid [K+]
II.Aldosterone secretion by the adrenal gland cortex
III.Catecholamines
IV.Intracellular fluid [K+]

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II 
B)  III, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  I, II, IV 
A)  I, II 
B)  III, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  I, II, IV

Question 10

What is the normal range for creatinine?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.6 to 1.2 mg/Dl 
B) 1.2 to 2.4 mg/dL 
C) 2.4 to 3.6 mg/dL 
D) 3.6 to 4.8 mg/dL 
A) 0.6 to 1.2 mg/Dl 
B) 1.2 to 2.4 mg/dL 
C) 2.4 to 3.6 mg/dL 
D) 3.6 to 4.8 mg/dL

Question 11

Which of the following stimulate potassium uptake?
I.Hypoglycemia
II.Insulin
III.Aldosterone
IV.Beta-adrenergic stimulation

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II 
B)  III, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  II, III, IV 
A)  I, II 
B)  III, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  II, III, IV

Question 12

What percentage of the potassium in the filtrate is reabsorbed into the blood in the proximal tubules?

Accepted Answer

A)  65% 
B)  75% 
C)  85% 
D)  95% 
A)  65% 
B)  75% 
C)  85% 
D)  95%

Question 13

Which of the following are diseases associated with increased blood creatinine?
I.Lung disease
II.Muscular disease
III.Renal disease
IV.Heart disease

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, III 
B)  II, III, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  II, III 
A)  I, II, III 
B)  II, III, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  II, III

Question 14

Which of the following are characteristics of Goodpasture's syndrome?
I.It is an autoimmune disease.
II.It affects the glomerular and alveolar basement membranes.
III.It causes hemorrhage and fibrosis.
IV.The syndrome primarily targets the lungs.

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, III 
B)  II, III, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  II, III 
A)  I, II, III 
B)  II, III, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  II, III

Question 15

Which of the following parts of the nephron does not actively secrete H+?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proximal tubule 
B)  Distal tubule 
C)  Thick segment of the loop of Henle 
D)  Thin segment of the loop of Henle 
A)  Proximal tubule 
B)  Distal tubule 
C)  Thick segment of the loop of Henle 
D)  Thin segment of the loop of Henle

Question 16

Which of the following are categories of acute renal failure?
I.Intraurethral
II.Decreased blood supply
III.Intrarenal failure
IV.Postrenal failure

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II 
B)  II, III, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  II, III 
A)  I, II 
B)  II, III, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  II, III

Question 17

Which of the following is a pulmonary manifestation of the nephrotic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pleural effusion 
B)  Pulmonary edema 
C)  Pneumonia 
D)  Pulmonary infiltrate 
A)  Pleural effusion 
B)  Pulmonary edema 
C)  Pneumonia 
D)  Pulmonary infiltrate

Question 18

What is the normal range for BUN?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 to 8 mg/dL 
B)  8 to 20 mg/dL 
C)  20 to 30 mg/dL 
D)  30 to 40 mg/dL 
A)  2 to 8 mg/dL 
B)  8 to 20 mg/dL 
C)  20 to 30 mg/dL 
D)  30 to 40 mg/dL

Question 19

What are the most important effects of retaining nitrogenous waste products, sodium, potassium, and fixed acids?
I.General edema
II.Metabolic acidosis
III.High blood concentrations of creatinine
IV.Increased concentrations of potassium

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II 
B)  II, III, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  II, III 
A)  I, II 
B)  II, III, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  II, III

Exam 22: Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation

What is required for active transport across the cell membrane?

When BUN and creatinine are elevated in renal failure, which of the following acid-base disturbances is usually also present?

Which of the following are important mechanisms for Na+ reabsorption? I.Primary active transport II.Chloride shift III.Water retention IV.Secondary active secretion of hydrogen and potassium ions.

Which of the following organs is the most powerful and complete in its ability to restore a normal pH?

Which of the following are important functions of sodium, potassium, and chloride? I.Maintaining normal fluid volume II.Maintaining nerve impulse transmission III.Maintaining muscle contraction IV.Maintaining urine output

Which of the following terms describes the change in pH caused by volume loss?

Primary active transport accounts for what percentage of sodium reabsorption?

Which of the following buffers transport excess H+ ions in the urine? I.Phosphate II.Ammonia III.HCO3- IV.Hb

Which of the following mechanisms control potassium excretion? I.Extracellular fluid [K+] II.Aldosterone secretion by the adrenal gland cortex III.Catecholamines IV.Intracellular fluid [K+]

What is the normal range for creatinine?

Which of the following stimulate potassium uptake? I.Hypoglycemia II.Insulin III.Aldosterone IV.Beta-adrenergic stimulation

What percentage of the potassium in the filtrate is reabsorbed into the blood in the proximal tubules?

Which of the following are diseases associated with increased blood creatinine? I.Lung disease II.Muscular disease III.Renal disease IV.Heart disease

Which of the following are characteristics of Goodpasture's syndrome? I.It is an autoimmune disease. II.It affects the glomerular and alveolar basement membranes. III.It causes hemorrhage and fibrosis. IV.The syndrome primarily targets the lungs.

Which of the following parts of the nephron does not actively secrete H+?

Which of the following are categories of acute renal failure? I.Intraurethral II.Decreased blood supply III.Intrarenal failure IV.Postrenal failure

Which of the following is a pulmonary manifestation of the nephrotic syndrome?

What is the normal range for BUN?

What are the most important effects of retaining nitrogenous waste products, sodium, potassium, and fixed acids? I.General edema II.Metabolic acidosis III.High blood concentrations of creatinine IV.Increased concentrations of potassium

The Airways and Alveoli

The Lungs and Chest Wall

Mechanics of Ventilation

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

Pulmonary Blood Flow

Gas Diffusion

Oxygen Equilibrium and Transport

Carbon Dioxide Equilibrium and Transport

Acid-Base Regulation

Control of Ventilation

Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships

Clinical Assessment of Acid-Base and Oxygenation Status

Physiological Basis for Oxygenation and Lung Protection Strategies

Physiology of Sleep Disordered Breathing

Fetal and Newborn Cardiopulmonary Physiology

Functional Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System

Cardiac Electrophysiology

The Electrocardiogram and Cardiac Arrhythmias In Adults

Control of Cardiac Output and Hemodynamic

Filtration, Urine Formation, and Fluid Regulation

Cardiopulmonary Response to Exercise in Health and Disease

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters

Which of the following are important mechanisms for Na⁺ reabsorption? I.Primary active transport II.Chloride shift III.Water retention IV.Secondary active secretion of hydrogen and potassium ions.

Which of the following buffers transport excess H⁺ ions in the urine? I.Phosphate II.Ammonia III.HCO₃^- IV.Hb

Which of the following mechanisms control potassium excretion? I.Extracellular fluid [K⁺] II.Aldosterone secretion by the adrenal gland cortex III.Catecholamines IV.Intracellular fluid [K⁺]

Which of the following parts of the nephron does not actively secrete H⁺?