Question 1

What is the heart rate associated with a junctional escape rhythm?

Accepted Answer

A)  100 to 150 beats/min 
B)  80 to 100 beats/min 
C)  60 to 80 beats/min 
D)  40 to 60 beats/min 
A)  100 to 150 beats/min 
B)  80 to 100 beats/min 
C)  60 to 80 beats/min 
D)  40 to 60 beats/min D

Question 2

A 60-year-old man with COPD is chronically hypoxemic and hypercapnic.A standard electrocardiogram (ECG) reveals a strongly negative QRS complex in lead I and a more positive than negative QRS complex in aVF.What explains this finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  Normal axis deviation 
B)  Right axis deviation 
C)  Left axis deviation 
D)  Isoelectric axis deviation 
A)  Normal axis deviation 
B)  Right axis deviation 
C)  Left axis deviation 
D)  Isoelectric axis deviation B

Question 3

Which of the following is the only parameter that the ECG measures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Electrical events 
B)  Contraction force 
C)  Heart muscle mass 
D)  Heart position 
A)  Electrical events 
B)  Contraction force 
C)  Heart muscle mass 
D)  Heart position A

Question 4

In nonathletes, rates of 30 to 45 beats/min often generate which of the following symptoms?
I.Hypotension
II.Sweating
III.Weakness
IV.Dizziness

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, III 
B)  I, III 
C)  II, IV 
D)  I, II, III, IV 
A)  I, II, III 
B)  I, III 
C)  II, IV 
D)  I, II, III, IV

Question 5

Atrial depolarization is represented by which of the following waves in the ECG?

Accepted Answer

A)  P 
B)  QRS 
C)  T 
D)  U 
A)  P 
B)  QRS 
C)  T 
D)  U

Question 6

No relationship exists between P waves and QRS complexes in which type of AV block?

Accepted Answer

A)  First-degree 
B)  Type I second-degree 
C)  Type II second-degree 
D)  Third-degree 
A)  First-degree 
B)  Type I second-degree 
C)  Type II second-degree 
D)  Third-degree

Question 7

Ventricular depolarization is represented by which of the following waves in the ECG?

Accepted Answer

A)  P 
B)  QRS 
C)  T 
D)  U 
A)  P 
B)  QRS 
C)  T 
D)  U

Question 8

In the palpation of a pulse of a patient with atrial flutter with an atrial rate of 300, what is the expected pulse rate?

Accepted Answer

A)  100 beats/min 
B)  150 beats/min 
C)  200 beats/min 
D)  300 beats/min 
A)  100 beats/min 
B)  150 beats/min 
C)  200 beats/min 
D)  300 beats/min

Question 9

What is the normal variation between the shortest and longest R-R interval in a regular sinus rhythm?

Accepted Answer

A)  Less than 0.4 second 
B)  Less than 0.3 second 
C)  Less than 0.16 second 
D)  Less than 0.08 second 
A)  Less than 0.4 second 
B)  Less than 0.3 second 
C)  Less than 0.16 second 
D)  Less than 0.08 second

Question 10

Which of the following leads allow the cardiac vector to be located within the normal 90-degree quadrant? Which two leads are best utilized to determine the direction of the cardiac vector?
I.I
II.II
III.aVL
IV.aVF

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II 
B)  I, IV 
C)  II, IV 
D)  II, III 
A)  I, II 
B)  I, IV 
C)  II, IV 
D)  II, III

Question 11

Which of the following limb leads are unipolar?
I.Leads aVR, aVL, aVF
II.Leads V1, V2, V3
III.Leads V4, V5, V6
IV.Leads I, II, III

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II, III 
C)  IV 
D)  I, IV 
A)  I 
B)  II, III 
C)  IV 
D)  I, IV

Question 12

Which of the following are characteristics of PVCs?
I.A full compensatory pause occurs after the PVC.
II.They generate T waves of opposite polarity from normal.
III.The QRS complex is wide.
IV.P waves are unrelated to the PVC.

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, III 
B)  I, III 
C)  II, III, IV 
D)  I, II, III, IV 
A)  I, II, III 
B)  I, III 
C)  II, III, IV 
D)  I, II, III, IV

Question 13

What is the normal MCV angle?

Accepted Answer

A)  +30 degrees 
B)  +60 degrees 
C)  +90 degrees 
D)  -30 degrees 
A)  +30 degrees 
B)  +60 degrees 
C)  +90 degrees 
D)  -30 degrees

Question 14

Which of the following conditions are associated with sinus tachycardia?
I.Fever
II.Anxiety
III.Pain
IV.Smoking

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, III 
B)  I, III 
C)  II, IV 
D)  I, II, III, IV 
A)  I, II, III 
B)  I, III 
C)  II, IV 
D)  I, II, III, IV

Question 15

Why is a prolonged QT interval associated with life-threatening heart rhythm disturbances?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is associated with a longer vulnerable period. 
B)  Calcium influx is the greatest during this period. 
C)  The SA node becomes refractory to the normal depolarization. 
D)  This period is refractory to AV depolarization. 
A)  It is associated with a longer vulnerable period. 
B)  Calcium influx is the greatest during this period. 
C)  The SA node becomes refractory to the normal depolarization. 
D)  This period is refractory to AV depolarization.

Question 16

Assessment of a patient who is unresponsive reveals the absence of a pulse.Which of the following abnormal rhythms is most consistent with this finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  Auricular fibrillation 
B)  Third-degree AV block 
C)  Ventricular tachycardia 
D)  PSVT 
A)  Auricular fibrillation 
B)  Third-degree AV block 
C)  Ventricular tachycardia 
D)  PSVT

Question 17

Which of the following are the most common characteristics of PAC?
I.PACs may originate from a single ectopic focus or from multiple ectopic foci in the atria.
II.Ventricular QRS complexes are normal.
III.Ventricular QRS complexes are abnormally wide.
IV.QRS complexes are irregularly spaced.

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, III 
B)  I, III 
C)  I, II, IV 
D)  I, II, III, IV 
A)  I, II, III 
B)  I, III 
C)  I, II, IV 
D)  I, II, III, IV

Question 18

The PR intervals gradually lengthen until a QRS complex fails to appear after the P wave in which type of AV block?

Accepted Answer

A)  First-degree 
B)  Type I second-degree 
C)  Type II second-degree 
D)  Third-degree 
A)  First-degree 
B)  Type I second-degree 
C)  Type II second-degree 
D)  Third-degree

Question 19

An ECG reveals that all sinus nodal impulses are conducted to the ventricles, but the PR interval is greater than 0.2 second and all QRS complexes have normal configurations.What is the best interpretation of this ECG?

Accepted Answer

A)  Normal 
B)  First-degree AV block 
C)  Second-degree AV block 
D)  Third-degree AV block 
A)  Normal 
B)  First-degree AV block 
C)  Second-degree AV block 
D)  Third-degree AV block

Question 20

In healthy people with healthy hearts, PVCs occur occasionally after the use of which of the following substances?
I.Alcohol
II.Caffeine
III.Tobacco
IV.Chocolate

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, III 
B)  I, III 
C)  II, III, IV 
D)  I, II, III, IV 
A)  I, II, III 
B)  I, III 
C)  II, III, IV 
D)  I, II, III, IV

Exam 19: The Electrocardiogram and Cardiac Arrhythmias In Adults

What is the heart rate associated with a junctional escape rhythm?

A 60-year-old man with COPD is chronically hypoxemic and hypercapnic.A standard electrocardiogram (ECG) reveals a strongly negative QRS complex in lead I and a more positive than negative QRS complex in aVF.What explains this finding?

Which of the following is the only parameter that the ECG measures?

In nonathletes, rates of 30 to 45 beats/min often generate which of the following symptoms? I.Hypotension II.Sweating III.Weakness IV.Dizziness

Atrial depolarization is represented by which of the following waves in the ECG?

No relationship exists between P waves and QRS complexes in which type of AV block?

Ventricular depolarization is represented by which of the following waves in the ECG?

In the palpation of a pulse of a patient with atrial flutter with an atrial rate of 300, what is the expected pulse rate?

What is the normal variation between the shortest and longest R-R interval in a regular sinus rhythm?

Which of the following leads allow the cardiac vector to be located within the normal 90-degree quadrant? Which two leads are best utilized to determine the direction of the cardiac vector? I.I II.II III.aVL IV.aVF

Which of the following limb leads are unipolar? I.Leads aVR, aVL, aVF II.Leads V1, V2, V3 III.Leads V4, V5, V6 IV.Leads I, II, III

Which of the following are characteristics of PVCs? I.A full compensatory pause occurs after the PVC. II.They generate T waves of opposite polarity from normal. III.The QRS complex is wide. IV.P waves are unrelated to the PVC.

What is the normal MCV angle?

Which of the following conditions are associated with sinus tachycardia? I.Fever II.Anxiety III.Pain IV.Smoking

Why is a prolonged QT interval associated with life-threatening heart rhythm disturbances?

Assessment of a patient who is unresponsive reveals the absence of a pulse.Which of the following abnormal rhythms is most consistent with this finding?

Which of the following are the most common characteristics of PAC? I.PACs may originate from a single ectopic focus or from multiple ectopic foci in the atria. II.Ventricular QRS complexes are normal. III.Ventricular QRS complexes are abnormally wide. IV.QRS complexes are irregularly spaced.

The PR intervals gradually lengthen until a QRS complex fails to appear after the P wave in which type of AV block?

An ECG reveals that all sinus nodal impulses are conducted to the ventricles, but the PR interval is greater than 0.2 second and all QRS complexes have normal configurations.What is the best interpretation of this ECG?

In healthy people with healthy hearts, PVCs occur occasionally after the use of which of the following substances? I.Alcohol II.Caffeine III.Tobacco IV.Chocolate

The Airways and Alveoli

The Lungs and Chest Wall

Mechanics of Ventilation

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

Pulmonary Blood Flow

Gas Diffusion

Oxygen Equilibrium and Transport

Carbon Dioxide Equilibrium and Transport

Acid-Base Regulation

Control of Ventilation

Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships

Clinical Assessment of Acid-Base and Oxygenation Status

Physiological Basis for Oxygenation and Lung Protection Strategies

Physiology of Sleep Disordered Breathing

Fetal and Newborn Cardiopulmonary Physiology

Functional Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System

Cardiac Electrophysiology

Control of Cardiac Output and Hemodynamic

Filtration, Urine Formation, and Fluid Regulation

Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation

Cardiopulmonary Response to Exercise in Health and Disease

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters

A 60-year-old man with COPD is chronically hypoxemic and hypercapnic.A standard electrocardiogram (ECG) reveals a strongly negative QRS complex in lead I and a more positive than negative QRS complex in aV_F.What explains this finding?

Which of the following leads allow the cardiac vector to be located within the normal 90-degree quadrant? Which two leads are best utilized to determine the direction of the cardiac vector? I.I II.II III.aV_L IV.aV_F

Which of the following limb leads are unipolar? I.Leads aVR, aVL, aVF II.Leads V₁, V₂, V₃ III.Leads V₄, V₅, V₆ IV.Leads I, II, III