Exam 1: The Airways and Alveoli

If during normal breathing, inspired air reaches only 50% relative humidity at 37°C, what will be the humidity deficit as air passes through the trachea?

In a deeply unconscious patient, what is the most common threat to upper airway patency?

Which of the following is the term that describes a volume of gas that is approximately 150 mL in the average adult and does not participate in gas exchange?

What size particles do not gain entry to the lower airways due to the filtering capacity of the nose?

Which of the following mechanisms explains why drowning victims often have little water in their lungs?

What sound is associated with high-velocity air flowing through a narrowed glottis?

Inflammation of which of the following anatomic structures is considered a life-threatening condition?

In the presence of high inspired oxygen concentrations, which substances are believed to produce alveolar injury?

Which of the following are characteristics of the trachea? I.It begins at the level of the eighth cervical vertebra. II.The point of division is called the carina. III.It is approximately 11 cm long. IV.It ends at the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra.

Even if the endotracheal cuff is properly inflated, pharyngeal secretions will eventually migrate past the cuff into the lower airway.This event could make mechanically ventilated patients susceptible to the development of which of the following disorders?

Which of the following are the main functions of the nose? I.Humidification II.Heating III.Filtering IV.Immunity

A lateral soft tissue x-ray of the neck of a 5-year-old with respiratory distress reveals the classic "thumb sign." What is the most probable diagnosis?

When an endotracheal tube is introduced to a patient requiring mechanical ventilation, which of the following functions of the nose is lost?

Which of the following pairs of reflexes is responsible for preventing aspiration of foreign material into the lungs?

After a tracheal tube is in place, which action will form a seal between the tracheal wall and tube to minimize aspiration of pharyngeal contents?

Which of the following maneuvers best describes the sniffing position?

If the delicate balance between mucus water content and airway humidity is affected, which of the following will occur to the mucus sheet? I.It may become dehydrated. II.It may become thick. III.It may become immobile. IV.It may become infected.

What is the most efficacious treatment for patients with obstructive sleep apnea?

Which of the following structures is an important landmark during the insertion of a tube into the trachea?

Which of the following are lymphoid tissues present in the pharynx? I.Adenoid tonsils II.Nasal tonsils III.Palatine tonsils IV.Lingual tonsils