Question 1

In drawing blood from the proximal channel of a pulmonary artery catheter the attempt is to measure which of the following pressures?

Accepted Answer

A)  CVP 
B)  PAP 
C)  PCWP 
D)  BP 
A)  CVP 
B)  PAP 
C)  PCWP 
D)  BP A

Question 2

Which of the following are causes of pulmonary edema?
I.Increased hydrostatic pressure
II.Increased capillary permeability
III.Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
IV.Insufficient lymphatic drainage

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, IV 
B)  II, III 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  II, IV 
A)  I, II, IV 
B)  II, III 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  II, IV C

Question 3

In which of the following conditions is the PAP increased?
I.Hypervolemia
II.Left ventricular failure
III.High pulmonary vascular resistance
IV.Hypovolemia

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, III 
B)  III, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  II, IV 
A)  I, II, III 
B)  III, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  II, IV A

Question 4

What is the PaO2 at which the maximal vasoconstrictive response occurs when the pH is 7.40?

Accepted Answer

A)  40-50 mm Hg 
B)  50-60 mm Hg 
C)  60-70 mm Hg 
D)  70-80 mm Hg 
A)  40-50 mm Hg 
B)  50-60 mm Hg 
C)  60-70 mm Hg 
D)  70-80 mm Hg

Question 5

What is the name of the force tending to move fluid into the capillary?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oncotic pressure 
B)  Hydrostatic pressure 
C)  Interstitial pressure 
D)  Filtration pressure 
A)  Oncotic pressure 
B)  Hydrostatic pressure 
C)  Interstitial pressure 
D)  Filtration pressure

Question 6

What is the normal value for PVR?

Accepted Answer

A)  96 dynes·sec·cm-5 
B)  400 dynes·sec·cm-5 
C)  800 dynes·sec·cm-5 
D)  1456 dynes·sec·cm-5 
A)  96 dynes·sec·cm-5 
B)  400 dynes·sec·cm-5 
C)  800 dynes·sec·cm-5 
D)  1456 dynes·sec·cm-5

Question 7

In which of the following groups of patients has NO? been especially beneficial in treating pulmonary hypertension?

Accepted Answer

A)  Toddlers 
B)  Infants 
C)  Adults 
D)  Elderly 
A)  Toddlers 
B)  Infants 
C)  Adults 
D)  Elderly

Question 8

Which of the following techniques is useful in evaluating cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thermodilution 
B)  Transcutaneous blood gas monitoring 
C)  Plethysmography 
D)  Doppler 
A)  Thermodilution 
B)  Transcutaneous blood gas monitoring 
C)  Plethysmography 
D)  Doppler

Question 9

Increased blood volume causes which of the following changes?

Accepted Answer

A)  It lowers the PVR. 
B)  It increases the PVR. 
C)  It lowers cardiac output. 
D)  It increases PCWP. 
A)  It lowers the PVR. 
B)  It increases the PVR. 
C)  It lowers cardiac output. 
D)  It increases PCWP.

Question 10

Which of the following is an alternative to inhaled NO2 for lowering PVR?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prostaglandins 
B)  Sildenafil (Viagra) 
C)  Beta blockers 
D)  Captopril 
A)  Prostaglandins 
B)  Sildenafil (Viagra) 
C)  Beta blockers 
D)  Captopril

Question 11

Which of the following conditions is associated with cardiac pulmonary edema?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pneumonia 
B)  Sepsis 
C)  Oxygen toxicity 
D)  Mitral stenosis 
A)  Pneumonia 
B)  Sepsis 
C)  Oxygen toxicity 
D)  Mitral stenosis

Question 12

In which of the following conditions is the HPV response often diminished?
I.Smoke inhalation
II.ARDS
III.Emphysema
IV.Sepsis

Accepted Answer

A)  I, III, IV 
B)  II, III, IV 
C)  I, II, IV 
D)  I, II, III, IV 
A)  I, III, IV 
B)  II, III, IV 
C)  I, II, IV 
D)  I, II, III, IV

Question 13

Which of the following is the most important chemical factor causing pulmonary vasoconstriction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alveolar hypoxia 
B)  Tissular hypoxia 
C)  Acidosis 
D)  Hypercapnia 
A)  Alveolar hypoxia 
B)  Tissular hypoxia 
C)  Acidosis 
D)  Hypercapnia

Question 14

Which of the following are endogenous substances that produce pulmonary vasodilation?
I.Bradykinin
II.Histamine
III.Serotonin
IV.cAMP

Accepted Answer

A)  I, III 
B)  II, IV 
C)  II, III, IV 
D)  I, II, III 
A)  I, III 
B)  II, IV 
C)  II, III, IV 
D)  I, II, III

Question 15

Which of the following statements are true of the pulmonary circulation?
I.It is a low-resistance system compared with the systemic circulation.
II.Its pressures are lower even though it receives the same cardiac output as the systemic circulation.
III.The resistance to blood flow in the pulmonary circulation is approximately one-fourth as great as it is in the systemic circulation.
IV.The resistance to blood flow in the pulmonary circulation is approximately one-tenth as great as it is in the systemic circulation.

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, IV 
B)  III, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  II, IV 
A)  I, II, IV 
B)  III, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  II, IV

Question 16

In the presence of a normal PaO2, how low does the pH need to get before a significant increase in PVR is present?

Accepted Answer

A)  Below 7.40 
B)  Below 7.30 
C)  Below 7.25 
D)  Below 7.20 
A)  Below 7.40 
B)  Below 7.30 
C)  Below 7.25 
D)  Below 7.20

Question 17

Which channel of the PAC should be selected to draw blood from if a mixed venous sample is required?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proximal 
B)  Venous 
C)  Distal 
D)  Arterial 
A)  Proximal 
B)  Venous 
C)  Distal 
D)  Arterial

Question 18

Which of the following is a good example of edema associated with a high PCWP?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cardiogenic pulmonary edema 
B)  ARDS 
C)  Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema 
D)  Hypovolemia 
A)  Cardiogenic pulmonary edema 
B)  ARDS 
C)  Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema 
D)  Hypovolemia

Question 19

What is the explanation for the dicrotic notch on the waveform of the PAC?

Accepted Answer

A)  Closure of the pulmonic valve 
B)  Opening of the pulmonic valve 
C)  Atrial systole 
D)  Ventricular systole 
A)  Closure of the pulmonic valve 
B)  Opening of the pulmonic valve 
C)  Atrial systole 
D)  Ventricular systole

Question 20

What is the normal value for the PCWP?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 mm Hg 
B)  4 mm Hg 
C)  25 mm Hg 
D)  4 to 12 mm Hg 
A)  2 mm Hg 
B)  4 mm Hg 
C)  25 mm Hg 
D)  4 to 12 mm Hg

Exam 6: Pulmonary Blood Flow

In drawing blood from the proximal channel of a pulmonary artery catheter the attempt is to measure which of the following pressures?

Which of the following are causes of pulmonary edema? I.Increased hydrostatic pressure II.Increased capillary permeability III.Decreased plasma oncotic pressure IV.Insufficient lymphatic drainage

In which of the following conditions is the PAP increased? I.Hypervolemia II.Left ventricular failure III.High pulmonary vascular resistance IV.Hypovolemia

What is the PaO2 at which the maximal vasoconstrictive response occurs when the pH is 7.40?

What is the name of the force tending to move fluid into the capillary?

What is the normal value for PVR?

In which of the following groups of patients has NO? been especially beneficial in treating pulmonary hypertension?

Which of the following techniques is useful in evaluating cardiac output?

Increased blood volume causes which of the following changes?

Which of the following is an alternative to inhaled NO2 for lowering PVR?

Which of the following conditions is associated with cardiac pulmonary edema?

In which of the following conditions is the HPV response often diminished? I.Smoke inhalation II.ARDS III.Emphysema IV.Sepsis

Which of the following is the most important chemical factor causing pulmonary vasoconstriction?

Which of the following are endogenous substances that produce pulmonary vasodilation? I.Bradykinin II.Histamine III.Serotonin IV.cAMP

In the presence of a normal PaO2, how low does the pH need to get before a significant increase in PVR is present?

Which channel of the PAC should be selected to draw blood from if a mixed venous sample is required?

Which of the following is a good example of edema associated with a high PCWP?

What is the explanation for the dicrotic notch on the waveform of the PAC?

What is the normal value for the PCWP?

The Airways and Alveoli

The Lungs and Chest Wall

Mechanics of Ventilation

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

Gas Diffusion

Oxygen Equilibrium and Transport

Carbon Dioxide Equilibrium and Transport

Acid-Base Regulation

Control of Ventilation

Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships

Clinical Assessment of Acid-Base and Oxygenation Status

Physiological Basis for Oxygenation and Lung Protection Strategies

Physiology of Sleep Disordered Breathing

Fetal and Newborn Cardiopulmonary Physiology

Functional Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System

Cardiac Electrophysiology

The Electrocardiogram and Cardiac Arrhythmias In Adults

Control of Cardiac Output and Hemodynamic

Filtration, Urine Formation, and Fluid Regulation

Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation

Cardiopulmonary Response to Exercise in Health and Disease

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters

What is the PaO₂ at which the maximal vasoconstrictive response occurs when the pH is 7.40?

Which of the following is an alternative to inhaled NO₂ for lowering PVR?

In the presence of a normal PaO₂, how low does the pH need to get before a significant increase in PVR is present?