Question 1

In which direction does ventricular depolarization normally occur?
I.Leftward
II.Downward
III.Anterior
IV.Posterior

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II 
B)  I, II, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  I, II, III 
A)  I, II 
B)  I, II, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  I, II, III

Question 2

What is considered the hallmark of atrial fibrillation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Regular ventricular rhythm accompanied by f waves 
B)  Totally irregular ventricular rhythm accompanied by flutter waves 
C)  Totally irregular auricular rhythm accompanied by normal QRS waves 
D)  Totally irregular ventricular rhythm accompanied by f waves 
A)  Regular ventricular rhythm accompanied by f waves 
B)  Totally irregular ventricular rhythm accompanied by flutter waves 
C)  Totally irregular auricular rhythm accompanied by normal QRS waves 
D)  Totally irregular ventricular rhythm accompanied by f waves

Question 3

In patients with no underlying ischemic heart disease, treatment of PSVT involves which of the following?
I.Epinephrine
II.Vagal parasympathetic stimulation
III.Intravenous calcium channel blockers
IV.Intravenous adenosine administration

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, III 
B)  I, III 
C)  II, III, IV 
D)  I, II, III, IV 
A)  I, II, III 
B)  I, III 
C)  II, III, IV 
D)  I, II, III, IV

Question 4

Which of the following conditions are associated with sinus bradycardia?
I.Airway suctioning
II.Valsalva's maneuver
III.Vomiting
IV.Coughing

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, III 
B)  I, III 
C)  II, IV 
D)  I, II, III, IV 
A)  I, II, III 
B)  I, III 
C)  II, IV 
D)  I, II, III, IV

Question 5

Inadequate filling time coupled with the loss of the atrial kick is associated with which of the following physical findings?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypotension 
B)  Pulse deficit 
C)  Bounding pulse 
D)  Ventricular beat cannot be heard with the stethoscope. 
A)  Hypotension 
B)  Pulse deficit 
C)  Bounding pulse 
D)  Ventricular beat cannot be heard with the stethoscope.

Question 6

The PR intervals are constant, but with various conduction ratios, in which type of AV block?

Accepted Answer

A)  First-degree 
B)  Type I second-degree 
C)  Type II second-degree 
D)  Third-degree 
A)  First-degree 
B)  Type I second-degree 
C)  Type II second-degree 
D)  Third-degree

Question 7

What is the heart rate associated with atrial flutter?

Accepted Answer

A)  100 to 150 beats/min 
B)  200 to 350 beats/min 
C)  350 to 400 beats/min 
D)  400 to 450 beats/min 
A)  100 to 150 beats/min 
B)  200 to 350 beats/min 
C)  350 to 400 beats/min 
D)  400 to 450 beats/min

Question 8

When auscultating heart sounds of a patient, the clinician reports normal beats followed by few abnormal beats.An ECG reveals the following tracing.What is this consistent with?

Accepted Answer

A)  Premature ventricular contractions 
B)  Escape rhythm 
C)  Ventricular fibrillation 
D)  Second-degree AV block. 
A)  Premature ventricular contractions 
B)  Escape rhythm 
C)  Ventricular fibrillation 
D)  Second-degree AV block.

Question 9

How long does it normally take for the ventricles to depolarize?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.08 to 0.1 second 
B)  0.1 to 0.2 second 
C)  0.25 to 0.3 second 
D)  0.3 to 0.4 second 
A)  0.08 to 0.1 second 
B)  0.1 to 0.2 second 
C)  0.25 to 0.3 second 
D)  0.3 to 0.4 second

Question 10

The normal MCV is parallel to which of the following leads?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  aVF 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  aVF

Question 11

What is the most lethal of all cardiac arrhythmias?

Accepted Answer

A)  SVT 
B)  VF 
C)  VT 
D)  Multifocal PVCs 
A)  SVT 
B)  VF 
C)  VT 
D)  Multifocal PVCs

Question 12

Which of the following are features of the PR interval?
I.It is measured from the beginning of the P wave to the first ventricular deflection.
II.It is measured from the beginning of the P wave to the S wave.
III.The normal PR interval is between 0.12 and 0.20 second.
IV.The PR interval can be shorter for fast heart rates than for slow heart rates.

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II 
B)  I, III, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  II, III 
A)  I, II 
B)  I, III, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  II, III

Question 13

Ventricular repolarization is represented by which of the following waves in the ECG?

Accepted Answer

A)  P 
B)  QRS 
C)  T 
D)  U 
A)  P 
B)  QRS 
C)  T 
D)  U

Question 14

What is the most serious potential risk for patients with VT?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypotension 
B)  Progression to VF 
C)  Bradycardia 
D)  Tachycardia 
A)  Hypotension 
B)  Progression to VF 
C)  Bradycardia 
D)  Tachycardia

Question 15

An abnormally elevated ST segment is indicative of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Myocardial ischemia 
B)  Myocardial tissue injury 
C)  Myocardial abnormal contraction 
D)  Myocardial ectopy 
A)  Myocardial ischemia 
B)  Myocardial tissue injury 
C)  Myocardial abnormal contraction 
D)  Myocardial ectopy

Question 16

Which of the following findings are consistent with a left axis deviation?
I.A positive QRS in lead I
II.A positive QRS in lead II
III.A negative QRS in lead aVF
IV.A positive QRS in lead aVR

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II 
B)  I, III 
C)  II, IV 
D)  II, III 
A)  I, II 
B)  I, III 
C)  II, IV 
D)  II, III

Question 17

Which of the following conditions are detected by the ECG?
I.Abnormal heart rhythms
II.Conduction problems
III.Location of damaged heart muscle
IV.Force of contraction

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, III 
B)  III, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  II, III 
A)  I, II, III 
B)  III, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  II, III

Question 18

In cases of extreme obesity, where may the MCV be located?

Accepted Answer

A)  +30 degrees 
B)  +60 degrees 
C)  +90 degrees 
D)  -30 degrees 
A)  +30 degrees 
B)  +60 degrees 
C)  +90 degrees 
D)  -30 degrees

Question 19

Which of the following are characteristics of the normal ST segment?
I.The ST segment is normally flat, lying on the baseline.
II.This segment may be elevated as much as 2 mm above the baseline.
III.This segment may be depressed as much as 2 mm below the baseline.
IV.An ST segment that becomes depressed more than 0.5 mm is abnormal.

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II 
B)  III, IV 
C)  I, II, IV 
D)  I, II, III 
A)  I, II 
B)  III, IV 
C)  I, II, IV 
D)  I, II, III

Question 20

When the heart rate is 150 beats/min, the interval between two QRS complexes in the typical 25 mm/sec ECG is?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 large square 
B)  2 large squares 
C)  3 large squares 
D)  4 large squares 
A)  1 large square 
B)  2 large squares 
C)  3 large squares 
D)  4 large squares

Exam 19: The Electrocardiogram and Cardiac Arrhythmias In Adults

In which direction does ventricular depolarization normally occur? I.Leftward II.Downward III.Anterior IV.Posterior

What is considered the hallmark of atrial fibrillation?

In patients with no underlying ischemic heart disease, treatment of PSVT involves which of the following? I.Epinephrine II.Vagal parasympathetic stimulation III.Intravenous calcium channel blockers IV.Intravenous adenosine administration

Which of the following conditions are associated with sinus bradycardia? I.Airway suctioning II.Valsalva's maneuver III.Vomiting IV.Coughing

Inadequate filling time coupled with the loss of the atrial kick is associated with which of the following physical findings?

The PR intervals are constant, but with various conduction ratios, in which type of AV block?

What is the heart rate associated with atrial flutter?

When auscultating heart sounds of a patient, the clinician reports normal beats followed by few abnormal beats.An ECG reveals the following tracing.What is this consistent with?

How long does it normally take for the ventricles to depolarize?

The normal MCV is parallel to which of the following leads?

What is the most lethal of all cardiac arrhythmias?

Ventricular repolarization is represented by which of the following waves in the ECG?

What is the most serious potential risk for patients with VT?

An abnormally elevated ST segment is indicative of which of the following?

Which of the following findings are consistent with a left axis deviation? I.A positive QRS in lead I II.A positive QRS in lead II III.A negative QRS in lead aVF IV.A positive QRS in lead aVR

Which of the following conditions are detected by the ECG? I.Abnormal heart rhythms II.Conduction problems III.Location of damaged heart muscle IV.Force of contraction

In cases of extreme obesity, where may the MCV be located?

When the heart rate is 150 beats/min, the interval between two QRS complexes in the typical 25 mm/sec ECG is?

The Airways and Alveoli

The Lungs and Chest Wall

Mechanics of Ventilation

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

Pulmonary Blood Flow

Gas Diffusion

Oxygen Equilibrium and Transport

Carbon Dioxide Equilibrium and Transport

Acid-Base Regulation

Control of Ventilation

Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships

Clinical Assessment of Acid-Base and Oxygenation Status

Physiological Basis for Oxygenation and Lung Protection Strategies

Physiology of Sleep Disordered Breathing

Fetal and Newborn Cardiopulmonary Physiology

Functional Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System

Cardiac Electrophysiology

Control of Cardiac Output and Hemodynamic

Filtration, Urine Formation, and Fluid Regulation

Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation

Cardiopulmonary Response to Exercise in Health and Disease

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters

Which of the following findings are consistent with a left axis deviation? I.A positive QRS in lead I II.A positive QRS in lead II III.A negative QRS in lead aV_F IV.A positive QRS in lead aV_R