Question 1

Which of the following statements explains why the mere breathing of 100% oxygen increases the P(A-a)O2?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because 100% oxygen impairs gas transfer from the alveolus to the blood. 
B)  Because 100% oxygen improves gas transfer from the alveolus to the blood. 
C)  Because of the unique way hemoglobin binds O2. 
D)  Because 100% oxygen does not change gas transfer from the alveolus to the blood. 
A)  Because 100% oxygen impairs gas transfer from the alveolus to the blood. 
B)  Because 100% oxygen improves gas transfer from the alveolus to the blood. 
C)  Because of the unique way hemoglobin binds O2. 
D)  Because 100% oxygen does not change gas transfer from the alveolus to the blood.

Question 2

Which of the following clinical conditions associated with alveolar collapse may be adversely affected by PEEP/CPAP?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atelectasis 
B)  Pulmonary edema 
C)  ARDS 
D)  Pneumothorax 
A)  Atelectasis 
B)  Pulmonary edema 
C)  ARDS 
D)  Pneumothorax

Question 3

Which of the following is an indicator of the severity of the dead space?

Accepted Answer

A)  PaO2 
B)  P(A-a)O2 
C)  PaO2/FIO2 
D) P $ \overline{\mathrm{E}} $ CO2 
A)  PaO2 
B)  P(A-a)O2 
C)  PaO2/FIO2 
D) P $ \overline{\mathrm{E}} $ CO2

Question 4

Which of the following statements are true of P(A-a)O2?
I.Increased P(A-a)O2 indicates increased physiological shunting.
II.Normal P(A-a)O2 is approximately 7 to 14 mm Hg during breathing of room air.
III.P(A-a)O2 is as high as 50 to 60 mm Hg during the breathing of 100% oxygen.
IV.The variability of P(A-a)O2 with FIO2 limits its usefulness as a shunt indicator when FIO2 is changed.

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II 
B)  III, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  II, III 
A)  I, II 
B)  III, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  II, III

Question 5

Which of the following is the major effect of a low $\dot {V}_{A} / \dot{Q} c $ ratio?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypercapnia 
B)  Acidosis 
C)  Hypoxemia 
D)  Hypocapnia 
A)  Hypercapnia 
B)  Acidosis 
C)  Hypoxemia 
D)  Hypocapnia

Question 6

Which of the following statements are true of the PaO2/FIO2?
I.A normal range is approximately 380 to 475.
II.Its usefulness as a shunt indicator is limited.
III.A major problem with PaO2/FIO2 is that changes in PaCO2 affect it.
IV.PaO2/FIO2 is the least accurate indicator of shunt.

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II 
B)  III, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  II, III 
A)  I, II 
B)  III, IV 
C)  I, II, III, IV 
D)  II, III

Question 7

Which of the following is the most common cause of hypoxemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  $ \dot{V}_{A} /\dot {Q} c $ mismatch 
B)  Hypoventilation 
C)  Relative shunt 
D)  Dead space 
A)  $ \dot{V}_{A} /\dot {Q} c $ mismatch 
B)  Hypoventilation 
C)  Relative shunt 
D)  Dead space

Question 8

Increasing the FIO2 in patients with shunting will have which of the following effects?

Accepted Answer

A)  It will dramatically improve PaO2. 
B)  It will cause little improvement in PaO2. 
C)  It will improve PaO2. 
D)  It will dramatically decrease PaO2. 
A)  It will dramatically improve PaO2. 
B)  It will cause little improvement in PaO2. 
C)  It will improve PaO2. 
D)  It will dramatically decrease PaO2.

Question 9

Which of the following is the explanation for the production of hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis associated with hypoxemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation 
B)  Central chemoreceptor stimulation 
C)  Hypoxic drive stimulation 
D)  Peripheral chemoreceptor antagonism 
A)  Peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation 
B)  Central chemoreceptor stimulation 
C)  Hypoxic drive stimulation 
D)  Peripheral chemoreceptor antagonism

Which of the following statements explains why the mere breathing of 100% oxygen increases the P(A-a)O₂?

Which of the following clinical conditions associated with alveolar collapse may be adversely affected by PEEP/CPAP?

Which of the following is an indicator of the severity of the dead space?

Which of the following is the major effect of a low $\dot {V}_{A} / \dot{Q} c$ ratio?

Which of the following statements are true of the PaO₂/FIO₂? I.A normal range is approximately 380 to 475. II.Its usefulness as a shunt indicator is limited. III.A major problem with PaO₂/FIO₂ is that changes in PaCO₂ affect it. IV.PaO₂/FIO₂ is the least accurate indicator of shunt.

Which of the following is the most common cause of hypoxemia?

Increasing the FIO₂ in patients with shunting will have which of the following effects?

Which of the following is the explanation for the production of hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis associated with hypoxemia?

The Airways and Alveoli

The Lungs and Chest Wall

Mechanics of Ventilation

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

Pulmonary Blood Flow

Gas Diffusion

Oxygen Equilibrium and Transport

Carbon Dioxide Equilibrium and Transport

Acid-Base Regulation

Control of Ventilation

Clinical Assessment of Acid-Base and Oxygenation Status

Physiological Basis for Oxygenation and Lung Protection Strategies

Physiology of Sleep Disordered Breathing

Fetal and Newborn Cardiopulmonary Physiology

Functional Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System

Cardiac Electrophysiology

The Electrocardiogram and Cardiac Arrhythmias In Adults

Control of Cardiac Output and Hemodynamic

Filtration, Urine Formation, and Fluid Regulation

Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation

Cardiopulmonary Response to Exercise in Health and Disease

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters

Exam 12: Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships

Which of the following statements explains why the mere breathing of 100% oxygen increases the P(A-a)O2?

Which of the following clinical conditions associated with alveolar collapse may be adversely affected by PEEP/CPAP?

Which of the following is an indicator of the severity of the dead space?

Which of the following is the major effect of a low V˙A/Q˙c\dot {V}_{A} / \dot{Q} c V˙A​/Q˙​c ratio?

Which of the following statements are true of the PaO2/FIO2? I.A normal range is approximately 380 to 475. II.Its usefulness as a shunt indicator is limited. III.A major problem with PaO2/FIO2 is that changes in PaCO2 affect it. IV.PaO2/FIO2 is the least accurate indicator of shunt.

Which of the following is the most common cause of hypoxemia?

Increasing the FIO2 in patients with shunting will have which of the following effects?

Which of the following is the explanation for the production of hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis associated with hypoxemia?

The Airways and Alveoli

The Lungs and Chest Wall

Mechanics of Ventilation

Ventilation

Pulmonary Function Measurements

Pulmonary Blood Flow

Gas Diffusion

Oxygen Equilibrium and Transport

Carbon Dioxide Equilibrium and Transport

Acid-Base Regulation

Control of Ventilation

Clinical Assessment of Acid-Base and Oxygenation Status

Physiological Basis for Oxygenation and Lung Protection Strategies

Physiology of Sleep Disordered Breathing

Fetal and Newborn Cardiopulmonary Physiology

Functional Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System

Cardiac Electrophysiology

The Electrocardiogram and Cardiac Arrhythmias In Adults

Control of Cardiac Output and Hemodynamic

Filtration, Urine Formation, and Fluid Regulation

Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation

Cardiopulmonary Response to Exercise in Health and Disease

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters

Which of the following statements explains why the mere breathing of 100% oxygen increases the P(A-a)O₂?

Which of the following is the major effect of a low $\dot {V}_{A} / \dot{Q} c$ ratio?

Which of the following statements are true of the PaO₂/FIO₂? I.A normal range is approximately 380 to 475. II.Its usefulness as a shunt indicator is limited. III.A major problem with PaO₂/FIO₂ is that changes in PaCO₂ affect it. IV.PaO₂/FIO₂ is the least accurate indicator of shunt.

Increasing the FIO₂ in patients with shunting will have which of the following effects?