Exam 17: The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways

Instructions: Consider the reaction below to answer the following question(s). Refer to instructions. This reaction proceeds through a common enol structure. Draw the structure of the glucose/fructose enol.

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Question 1

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Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction shown?

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Question 2

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Match a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names

The "energy currency" of the cell.

catabolism

Pathways that break down larger biomolecules into smaller ones.

citric acid cycle

The product of the citric acid cycle, which is a reactant in the first step.

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The "energy currency" of the cell.

catabolism

Pathways that break down larger biomolecules into smaller ones.

citric acid cycle

The product of the citric acid cycle, which is a reactant in the first step.

Pyridoxal phosphate, the cofactor in transaminations.

Discoverer of the glycolysis pathway.

anabolism

Coenzyme NAD+ required in the b-oxidation of fatty acids, glycolysis, and the citric acid cycle.

ATP

Acetyl groups are oxidized to yield carbon dioxide and water.

Embden-Meyerhoff

Reactions that put smaller molecules together to synthesize larger biomolecules.

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Question 3

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What reaction does glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) catalyze?

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Question 4

A coenzyme frequently encountered in transamination reactions is

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Question 5

Draw the product of the following reaction, which is involved in the catabolism of triacylglycerols.

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Question 6

Which group of small molecules best fit the boxes associated with the reaction shown? a b

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Question 7

All of the following describe b-oxidation, except:

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Question 8

Consider the reaction below to answer the following questions. $Consider the reaction below to answer the following questions. a) Which group of small molecules best fit the boxes associated with the reaction? \begin{array}{ll} \text { A } & \text { B } \\ \text { a. } 2 \text { ATP } & 2 \mathrm{ADP}+\mathrm{P_i} \\ \text { b. ATP } & \text { AMP }+\mathrm{P}_{\mathrm{i}} \\ \text { c. ATP } & \text { ADP } \\ \text { d. NADPH } & \text { NADP }^{+} \end{array} b) This reaction is part of: a. the citric acid cycle. b. the urea cycle. c. a biosynthetic pathway of amino acids. d. the catabolism of amino acid carbon$ a) Which group of small molecules best fit the boxes associated with the reaction? A B a. 2 ATP 2+ b. ATP AMP + c. ATP ADP d. NADPH b) This reaction is part of: a. the citric acid cycle. b. the urea cycle. c. a biosynthetic pathway of amino acids. d. the catabolism of amino acid carbon

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Question 9

The source of oxygen for b-oxidation is:

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Question 10

All of the following are byproducts of b-oxidation, except:

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Question 11

Instructions: Consider the reaction below to answer the following question(s). Refer to instructions. Write the mechanism for this isomerization.

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Question 12

Instructions: Consider the reaction below to answer the following questions: Refer to instructions. This reaction is an example of: a. an aldol reaction b. a Claisen reaction c. a reverse Claisen reaction d. areto aldol reaction

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Question 13

Instructions: Match a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.

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Question 14

During the complete catabolism of a molecule of glucose, the ultimate fate of the carbon atoms are

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Question 15

Draw and name the major product of the reaction of a-glucose with ATP. a-glucose-6-phosphate

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Question 16

Instructions: Consider the reaction below to answer the following questions: Refer to instructions. Draw arrows on the structure below showing electron flow in this reaction.

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Question 17

Which group of small molecules best fit the boxes associated with the reaction shown? a b c

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Question 18

The formation of amino acids from proteins

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Question 19

What product would be obtained from enzymatic transamination of 3-hydroxy-2-ketopropanoic acid?

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Question 20

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Instructions: Consider the reaction below to answer the following question(s). Refer to instructions. This reaction proceeds through a common enol structure. Draw the structure of the glucose/fructose enol.

Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction shown?

What reaction does glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) catalyze?

A coenzyme frequently encountered in transamination reactions is

Draw the product of the following reaction, which is involved in the catabolism of triacylglycerols.

Which group of small molecules best fit the boxes associated with the reaction shown? a b

All of the following describe b-oxidation, except:

The source of oxygen for b-oxidation is:

All of the following are byproducts of b-oxidation, except:

Instructions: Consider the reaction below to answer the following question(s). Refer to instructions. Write the mechanism for this isomerization.

Instructions: Consider the reaction below to answer the following questions: Refer to instructions. This reaction is an example of: a. an aldol reaction b. a Claisen reaction c. a reverse Claisen reaction d. areto aldol reaction

Instructions: Match a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.

During the complete catabolism of a molecule of glucose, the ultimate fate of the carbon atoms are

Draw and name the major product of the reaction of a-glucose with ATP. a-glucose-6-phosphate

Instructions: Consider the reaction below to answer the following questions: Refer to instructions. Draw arrows on the structure below showing electron flow in this reaction.

Which group of small molecules best fit the boxes associated with the reaction shown? a b c

The formation of amino acids from proteins

What product would be obtained from enzymatic transamination of 3-hydroxy-2-ketopropanoic acid?

Structure and Bonding:acids and Bases

Alkanes: The Nature of Organic Compounds

Alkenes and Alkynes: the Nature of Organic Reactions

Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes

Aromatic Compounds

Sterechemistry at Tetrahedral Centers

Organohalides: Nucleophilic Substitutions and Eliminations

Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, and Their Sulfur Analogs

Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition Reactions

Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions

Carbonyl Alpha-Substitution Reactions and Condensation Reactions

Amines

Structure Determination

Biomolecules: Carbohydrates

Biomolecules: Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins

Biomolecules: Lipids and Nucleic Acids

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