Question 1

In social psychology,the technique of meta-analysis is most like ____ research.

Accepted Answer

A) experimental 
B) observational 
C) survey 
D) archival 
A) experimental 
B) observational 
C) survey 
D) archival

Question 2

"What is the relationship between viewing violence on the one hand,and behaving aggressively on the other hand?" How might an observational researcher,a correlational researcher,and an experimental researcher answer that question?

Accepted Answer

Observational researchers might systemat

Question 3

According to the authors of your text,the hindsight bias is

Accepted Answer

A) the tendency for people to exaggerate how much they could have predicted an outcome after knowing that it occurred. 
B) the level of agreement between two or more people who independently observe and code a set of data. 
C) a form of the observational method in which the researcher examines the accumulated documents of a culture. 
D) the extent to which results of a study can be generalized to other situations and to other people. 
A) the tendency for people to exaggerate how much they could have predicted an outcome after knowing that it occurred. 
B) the level of agreement between two or more people who independently observe and code a set of data. 
C) a form of the observational method in which the researcher examines the accumulated documents of a culture. 
D) the extent to which results of a study can be generalized to other situations and to other people.

Question 4

When scientists study how social behavior is related to hormones,the immune system,and neurological processes,they are studying

Accepted Answer

A) social psychology. 
B) neurology. 
C) psychiatry. 
D) social neuroscience. 
A) social psychology. 
B) neurology. 
C) psychiatry. 
D) social neuroscience.

Question 5

Which of the following threatens the internal validity of an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) using more than one dependent variable 
B) failing to use a representative sample 
C) using an independent variable with more than one level 
D) failing to assign participants randomly to conditions 
A) using more than one dependent variable 
B) failing to use a representative sample 
C) using an independent variable with more than one level 
D) failing to assign participants randomly to conditions

Question 6

Which of the following is least relevant to the experimental method?

Accepted Answer

A) internal validity 
B) random assignment 
C) independent variable 
D) random selection 
A) internal validity 
B) random assignment 
C) independent variable 
D) random selection

Question 7

One reason why it is important to examine cultural influences on social psychological processes is that

Accepted Answer

A) establishing cultural differences helps to increase the internal validity of research. 
B) it helps us understand whether certain psychological processes are universal. 
C) replicating results across cultures is more effective than doing meta-analyses. 
D) looking at the documents of a culture can usually answer most social psychological questions. 
A) establishing cultural differences helps to increase the internal validity of research. 
B) it helps us understand whether certain psychological processes are universal. 
C) replicating results across cultures is more effective than doing meta-analyses. 
D) looking at the documents of a culture can usually answer most social psychological questions.

Question 8

According to the authors,why do people often believe that they could have predicted social psychological findings in advance?

Accepted Answer

A) Social psychology relies heavily on the study of uncommon experiences and case histories. 
B) People are largely ignorant about what exactly social psychologists study. 
C) People's inferences about psychological phenomena are rarely based in fact. 
D) Findings that seem common sense in retrospect could not have been predicted in advance. 
A) Social psychology relies heavily on the study of uncommon experiences and case histories. 
B) People are largely ignorant about what exactly social psychologists study. 
C) People's inferences about psychological phenomena are rarely based in fact. 
D) Findings that seem common sense in retrospect could not have been predicted in advance.

Question 9

The technique whereby a researcher observes people and systematically records measurements or impressions of their behavior best defines

Accepted Answer

A) experimental method. 
B) correlational method. 
C) observational method. 
D) random assignment. 
A) experimental method. 
B) correlational method. 
C) observational method. 
D) random assignment.

Question 10

A researcher investigated the relationship between self-esteem and choice of a partner in a "getting acquainted" situation.To do this,she had students take a personality test and then she gave them feedback (based on random assignment)indicating either that the test found them to be "mature,insightful,and socially skilled" or "immature,inflexible,and overly critical." After receiving this feedback,students chose a partner to interact with by looking at photos of people of the opposite sex who were either high or low in physical attractiveness.The study just described is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) observational study. 
B) correlational study. 
C) experimental study. 
D) meta-analysis. 
A) observational study. 
B) correlational study. 
C) experimental study. 
D) meta-analysis.

Question 11

An experimenter conducts a program of research to determine what types of messages are most effective in promoting condom use among adolescents.How would you classify this type of research?

Accepted Answer

A) primary research 
B) secondary research 
C) basic research 
D) applied research 
A) primary research 
B) secondary research 
C) basic research 
D) applied research

Question 12

One problem with informed consent is that

Accepted Answer

A) full knowledge of the experiment's purpose can alter participants' behavior. 
B) its use tends to undermine the external validity of the experiment. 
C) its use is limited to deception experiments. 
D) it is time-consuming. 
A) full knowledge of the experiment's purpose can alter participants' behavior. 
B) its use tends to undermine the external validity of the experiment. 
C) its use is limited to deception experiments. 
D) it is time-consuming.

Question 13

One main reason why social psychologists may elect to use deception in their studies is

Accepted Answer

A) it allows for stronger p-values to occur. 
B) it creates a situation in which participants experience contrived events as though they were real. 
C) it ensures that all participants in an experiment are treated equally. 
D) it can be easier to deceive naïve participants than to tell the truth and provide a complex explanation. 
A) it allows for stronger p-values to occur. 
B) it creates a situation in which participants experience contrived events as though they were real. 
C) it ensures that all participants in an experiment are treated equally. 
D) it can be easier to deceive naïve participants than to tell the truth and provide a complex explanation.

Question 14

Which of the following is not one of the purposes of debriefing?

Accepted Answer

A) explaining the true purpose of the study 
B) relieving any discomfort that the participant experienced during the course of the experiment 
C) giving the participants a chance to withdraw from the experiment 
D) educating the participants about the purpose of the research and the scientific process 
A) explaining the true purpose of the study 
B) relieving any discomfort that the participant experienced during the course of the experiment 
C) giving the participants a chance to withdraw from the experiment 
D) educating the participants about the purpose of the research and the scientific process

Question 15

Are people who are better educated more or less prejudiced than people who have less education? This question is most appropriately answered by using

Accepted Answer

A) archival analysis. 
B) experimental research. 
C) systematic observation. 
D) correlational research. 
A) archival analysis. 
B) experimental research. 
C) systematic observation. 
D) correlational research.

Question 16

According to the authors of your text,when Bibb Latané and John Darley began to seriously consider why no one helped Kitty Genovese during her brutal attack,they hypothesized that the explanation was that

Accepted Answer

A) New Yorkers are all apathetic. 
B) no one witnessed the attack. 
C) witnesses knew they would not be reinforced for reporting the crime. 
D) when many witness a crime,people assume someone else will call for help. 
A) New Yorkers are all apathetic. 
B) no one witnessed the attack. 
C) witnesses knew they would not be reinforced for reporting the crime. 
D) when many witness a crime,people assume someone else will call for help.

Question 17

Dr.Malic has conducted a number of experiments to assess whether playing violent videogames makes people become more aggressive.He assigns men to play very violent games for an hour a week,and women to play very violent games for three hours a week.After a month,he assesses how aggressively they behave in a frustrating situation.He has replicated this study using the same sample of Buddhist monks and nuns twelve times.Identify the major threat to internal validity and to external validity.

Accepted Answer

The threat to internal validity is that

Question 18

A researcher conducted a survey and found a negative correlation between education and the tendency to resort to violence during disputes.In other words,this researcher found that as education level ____,the tendency to use violence ____.

Accepted Answer

A) decreases; also decreases 
B) increases; decreases 
C) increases; also increases 
D) increases; remains the same 
A) decreases; also decreases 
B) increases; decreases 
C) increases; also increases 
D) increases; remains the same

Question 19

A cover story is

Accepted Answer

A) the result of experimental findings of interest to the media. 
B) a "false" description of the purposes of a study. 
C) an explanation provided to participants when the study is over. 
D) a way to make sure that an experiment is ethical. 
A) the result of experimental findings of interest to the media. 
B) a "false" description of the purposes of a study. 
C) an explanation provided to participants when the study is over. 
D) a way to make sure that an experiment is ethical.

Question 20

Before Jonas Salk discovered a vaccine to prevent polio,people noticed a correlation between outside temperature and the incidence of polio: The warmer the temperature over the course of the year,the more outbreaks of polio.This relationship is an example of a(n) ____ correlation.

Accepted Answer

A) negative 
B) positive 
C) spurious 
D) illusory 
A) negative 
B) positive 
C) spurious 
D) illusory

In social psychology,the technique of meta-analysis is most like ____ research.

"What is the relationship between viewing violence on the one hand,and behaving aggressively on the other hand?" How might an observational researcher,a correlational researcher,and an experimental researcher answer that question?

According to the authors of your text,the hindsight bias is

When scientists study how social behavior is related to hormones,the immune system,and neurological processes,they are studying

Which of the following threatens the internal validity of an experiment?

Which of the following is least relevant to the experimental method?

One reason why it is important to examine cultural influences on social psychological processes is that

According to the authors,why do people often believe that they could have predicted social psychological findings in advance?

The technique whereby a researcher observes people and systematically records measurements or impressions of their behavior best defines

An experimenter conducts a program of research to determine what types of messages are most effective in promoting condom use among adolescents.How would you classify this type of research?

One problem with informed consent is that

One main reason why social psychologists may elect to use deception in their studies is

Which of the following is not one of the purposes of debriefing?

Are people who are better educated more or less prejudiced than people who have less education? This question is most appropriately answered by using

According to the authors of your text,when Bibb Latané and John Darley began to seriously consider why no one helped Kitty Genovese during her brutal attack,they hypothesized that the explanation was that

A researcher conducted a survey and found a negative correlation between education and the tendency to resort to violence during disputes.In other words,this researcher found that as education level ,the tendency to use violence .

A cover story is

Before Jonas Salk discovered a vaccine to prevent polio,people noticed a correlation between outside temperature and the incidence of polio: The warmer the temperature over the course of the year,the more outbreaks of polio.This relationship is an example of a(n) ____ correlation.

Introducing Social Psychology

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

The Need to Justify Our Actions: the Costs and Benefits of Dissonance Reduction

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships

Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People

Prejudice: Causes and Cures

Filters

Exam 2: Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

In social psychology,the technique of meta-analysis is most like ____ research.

"What is the relationship between viewing violence on the one hand,and behaving aggressively on the other hand?" How might an observational researcher,a correlational researcher,and an experimental researcher answer that question?

According to the authors of your text,the hindsight bias is

When scientists study how social behavior is related to hormones,the immune system,and neurological processes,they are studying

Which of the following threatens the internal validity of an experiment?

Which of the following is least relevant to the experimental method?

One reason why it is important to examine cultural influences on social psychological processes is that

According to the authors,why do people often believe that they could have predicted social psychological findings in advance?

The technique whereby a researcher observes people and systematically records measurements or impressions of their behavior best defines

An experimenter conducts a program of research to determine what types of messages are most effective in promoting condom use among adolescents.How would you classify this type of research?

One problem with informed consent is that

One main reason why social psychologists may elect to use deception in their studies is

Which of the following is not one of the purposes of debriefing?

Are people who are better educated more or less prejudiced than people who have less education? This question is most appropriately answered by using

According to the authors of your text,when Bibb Latané and John Darley began to seriously consider why no one helped Kitty Genovese during her brutal attack,they hypothesized that the explanation was that

A researcher conducted a survey and found a negative correlation between education and the tendency to resort to violence during disputes.In other words,this researcher found that as education level ____,the tendency to use violence ____.

A cover story is

Before Jonas Salk discovered a vaccine to prevent polio,people noticed a correlation between outside temperature and the incidence of polio: The warmer the temperature over the course of the year,the more outbreaks of polio.This relationship is an example of a(n) ____ correlation.

Introducing Social Psychology

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

The Need to Justify Our Actions: the Costs and Benefits of Dissonance Reduction

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships

Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People

Prejudice: Causes and Cures

Filters

A researcher conducted a survey and found a negative correlation between education and the tendency to resort to violence during disputes.In other words,this researcher found that as education level ,the tendency to use violence .