Question 1

Cooked starch is more digestible because:

Accepted Answer

A)  it has been partially hydrolyzed during cooking. 
B)  the amylopectin is converted to amylose during cooking. 
C)  the enzymes that hydrolyze the starch are only active when the starch is hot. 
D)  the starch granules take up water, swell and are more accessible to the enzymes. 
E)  all are true. 
A)  it has been partially hydrolyzed during cooking. 
B)  the amylopectin is converted to amylose during cooking. 
C)  the enzymes that hydrolyze the starch are only active when the starch is hot. 
D)  the starch granules take up water, swell and are more accessible to the enzymes. 
E)  all are true.

Question 2

Glycosaminoglycans are unbranched polysaccharides consisting of alternating residues of uronic acid and hexosamine. Which of the following is NOT a glycosaminoglycan?

Accepted Answer

A)  agaropectin 
B)  heparin 
C)  dermatan sulfate 
D)  hyaluronate 
E)  chondroitin-4-sulfate 
A)  agaropectin 
B)  heparin 
C)  dermatan sulfate 
D)  hyaluronate 
E)  chondroitin-4-sulfate

Question 3

Honey is characteristically composed predominantly of

Accepted Answer

A)  sucrose 
B)  glucose and ribose 
C)  fructose and glucose 
D)  sucrose and sorbitol 
E)  all of the above 
A)  sucrose 
B)  glucose and ribose 
C)  fructose and glucose 
D)  sucrose and sorbitol 
E)  all of the above

Question 4

Because osmotic pressure depends only on ____, the osmotic pressure is greatly reduced by formation of polysaccharide molecules from monosaccharide molecules.

Accepted Answer

A)  molecular weight 
B)  number of hydroxyl groups 
C)  numbers of molecules 
D)  numbers of hydrogen bonds 
E)  none are true 
A)  molecular weight 
B)  number of hydroxyl groups 
C)  numbers of molecules 
D)  numbers of hydrogen bonds 
E)  none are true

Question 5

Explain how proteoglycans make cartilage flexible and resilient.​

Accepted Answer

In cartilage, long filaments of hyaluron

Question 6

____ and ____ are found in tendons, cartilage and other connective tissue.

Accepted Answer

A)  Heparin; chondroitins 
B)  Chondroitins; keratin sulfate 
C)  Keratin sulfate, dermatan sulfate 
D)  Hyaluronate, keratin sulfate 
E)  All are true. 
A)  Heparin; chondroitins 
B)  Chondroitins; keratin sulfate 
C)  Keratin sulfate, dermatan sulfate 
D)  Hyaluronate, keratin sulfate 
E)  All are true.

Question 7

____ and ____ are glycosamines linked to three-carbon acids at the C-1 or C-3 positions, and components of the polysaccharides of cell higher organisms and bacterial cell walls.

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucosides; galactosides 
B)  Muramic acid; neuraminic acid 
C)  Gluconic acid; glucuronic acid 
D)  Sorbitol; ribitol 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Glucosides; galactosides 
B)  Muramic acid; neuraminic acid 
C)  Gluconic acid; glucuronic acid 
D)  Sorbitol; ribitol 
E)  None of the above

Question 8

Cartilage-matrix proteoglycan has all of the following properties EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  responsible for the flexibility and resiliency of cartilage. 
B)  has a hyaluronic acid binding domain. 
C)  has reversible hydration-dehydration properties. 
D)  contains both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. 
E)  is an integral transmembrane protein. 
A)  responsible for the flexibility and resiliency of cartilage. 
B)  has a hyaluronic acid binding domain. 
C)  has reversible hydration-dehydration properties. 
D)  contains both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. 
E)  is an integral transmembrane protein.

Question 9

Which of the following is correctly paired with its most prevalent cyclization product?

Accepted Answer

A)  fructose: pyranose 
B)  glucose: furanose 
C)  ribose: pyranose 
D)  galactose: does not cyclize 
E)  none of the above 
A)  fructose: pyranose 
B)  glucose: furanose 
C)  ribose: pyranose 
D)  galactose: does not cyclize 
E)  none of the above

Question 10

All are true for cellulose and α-amylose EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Both are linear homopolymers of glucose. 
B)  Both have (1→4) linkages. 
C)  Both form extended ribbon most stable conformations. 
D)  Both have extensive intramolecular hydrogen bonding. 
E)  All are true. 
A)  Both are linear homopolymers of glucose. 
B)  Both have (1→4) linkages. 
C)  Both form extended ribbon most stable conformations. 
D)  Both have extensive intramolecular hydrogen bonding. 
E)  All are true.

Question 11

The cyclization of gluconic acid produces what type of structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  lactam 
B)  lactone 
C)  pyranose 
D)  cyclic ether 
E)  none of the above 
A)  lactam 
B)  lactone 
C)  pyranose 
D)  cyclic ether 
E)  none of the above

Question 12

Which of the following disaccharides contains an α (1→4) O-glycosidic bond?

Accepted Answer

A)  sucrose 
B)  lactose 
C)  maltose 
D)  cellobiose 
E)  cellulose 
A)  sucrose 
B)  lactose 
C)  maltose 
D)  cellobiose 
E)  cellulose

Question 13

As a result of mutarotation, D-glucose exists in all of the following forms EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  L-glucopyranose. 
B)  β-anomer. 
C)  free aldehyde. 
D)  α-anomer. 
E)  all are true. 
A)  L-glucopyranose. 
B)  β-anomer. 
C)  free aldehyde. 
D)  α-anomer. 
E)  all are true.

Question 14

The formation of cyclic structures in sugars with creation of an additional asymmetric center results from an alcohol reacting with a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary alcohol. 
B)  phosphate group. 
C)  thiol group. 
D)  aldehyde or ketone. 
E)  primary alcohol. 
A)  secondary alcohol. 
B)  phosphate group. 
C)  thiol group. 
D)  aldehyde or ketone. 
E)  primary alcohol.

Question 15

Cellulase is considered a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  α-(1→4) glucosidase 
B)  β-(1→4) glucosidase 
C)  α-(1→6) glucosidase 
D)  β-(1→4) glucosidase. 
E)  α-(1→1) glucosidase 
A)  α-(1→4) glucosidase 
B)  β-(1→4) glucosidase 
C)  α-(1→6) glucosidase 
D)  β-(1→4) glucosidase. 
E)  α-(1→1) glucosidase

Question 16

Carbohydrate characteristic chemical features include all EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  the potential to form multiple hydrogen bonds. 
B)  the existence of one or more asymmetric centers. 
C)  the capacity to form polymeric structures. 
D)  the ability to exist in either linear or ring structures. 
E)  all are true. 
A)  the potential to form multiple hydrogen bonds. 
B)  the existence of one or more asymmetric centers. 
C)  the capacity to form polymeric structures. 
D)  the ability to exist in either linear or ring structures. 
E)  all are true.

Question 17

Cellulose is homopolysaccharide composed of ______ linked together by ______ glycosidic bonds.

Accepted Answer

A)  galactose; β-(1→4) 
B)  galactose; α-(1→4) 
C)  glucose; β-(1→4) 
D)  glucose; α-(1→4) 
E)  none of the above 
A)  galactose; β-(1→4) 
B)  galactose; α-(1→4) 
C)  glucose; β-(1→4) 
D)  glucose; α-(1→4) 
E)  none of the above

Question 18

Amylose and glycogen are both glucose polymers, yet they have somewhat different properties. What is one important difference between them?

Accepted Answer

A)  One is made with D-glucose and the other with L-glucose 
B)  One is used as a structural polymer in insects; the other for energy in plants 
C)  One contains α glycosidic bonds while the other contains β glycosidic bonds 
D)  One is a linear polymer while the other is highly branched 
E)  none of the above explain the difference between amylose and glycogen 
A)  One is made with D-glucose and the other with L-glucose 
B)  One is used as a structural polymer in insects; the other for energy in plants 
C)  One contains α glycosidic bonds while the other contains β glycosidic bonds 
D)  One is a linear polymer while the other is highly branched 
E)  none of the above explain the difference between amylose and glycogen

Exam 7: Carbohydrates and the Glycoconjugates of Cell Surfaces

Cooked starch is more digestible because:

Glycosaminoglycans are unbranched polysaccharides consisting of alternating residues of uronic acid and hexosamine. Which of the following is NOT a glycosaminoglycan?

Honey is characteristically composed predominantly of

Because osmotic pressure depends only on ____, the osmotic pressure is greatly reduced by formation of polysaccharide molecules from monosaccharide molecules.

Explain how proteoglycans make cartilage flexible and resilient.​

____ and ____ are found in tendons, cartilage and other connective tissue.

____ and ____ are glycosamines linked to three-carbon acids at the C-1 or C-3 positions, and components of the polysaccharides of cell higher organisms and bacterial cell walls.

Cartilage-matrix proteoglycan has all of the following properties EXCEPT:

Which of the following is correctly paired with its most prevalent cyclization product?

All are true for cellulose and α-amylose EXCEPT:

The cyclization of gluconic acid produces what type of structure?

Which of the following disaccharides contains an α (1→4) O-glycosidic bond?

As a result of mutarotation, D-glucose exists in all of the following forms EXCEPT:

The formation of cyclic structures in sugars with creation of an additional asymmetric center results from an alcohol reacting with a(n):

Cellulase is considered a(n) ____.

Carbohydrate characteristic chemical features include all EXCEPT:

Cellulose is homopolysaccharide composed of ______ linked together by ______ glycosidic bonds.

Amylose and glycogen are both glucose polymers, yet they have somewhat different properties. What is one important difference between them?

The Facts of Life: Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological Phenomena

Water: the Medium of Life

Thermodynamics of Biological Systems

Amino Acids and the Peptide Bond

Proteins: Their Primary Structure and Biological Functions

Proteins: Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary Structure

Lipids

Membranes and Membrane Transport

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Structure of Nucleic Acids

Recombinant Dna, Cloning, Chimeric Genes, and Synthetic Biology

Enzymeskinetics and Specificity

Mechanisms of Enzyme Action

Enzyme Regulation

Molecular Motors

Metabolism: an Overview

Glycolysis

The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Lipid Biosynthesis

Nitrogen Acquisition and Amino Acid Metabolism

Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides

Metabolic Integration and Organ Specialization

Dna Metabolism: Replication, Recombination, and Repair

Transcription and the Regulation of Gene Expression

Protein Synthesis

Completing the Protein Life Cycle: Folding, Processing, and Degradation

The Reception and Transmission of Extracellular Information

Filters

Explain how proteoglycans make cartilage flexible and resilient.

and are found in tendons, cartilage and other connective tissue.

and are glycosamines linked to three-carbon acids at the C-1 or C-3 positions, and components of the polysaccharides of cell higher organisms and bacterial cell walls.

Cellulose is homopolysaccharide composed of linked together by glycosidic bonds.