Question 1

The heptapeptide repeat in the carboxy terminal domain (CTD) in the RPB1 subunit of RNA polymerase II is phosphorylated to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  convert to an elongation complex 
B)  bind to DNA 
C)  form a holo-RNA polymerase II 
D)  initiate transcription 
E)  activate termination 
A)  convert to an elongation complex 
B)  bind to DNA 
C)  form a holo-RNA polymerase II 
D)  initiate transcription 
E)  activate termination A

Question 2

Characteristics of the Zn-finger motif include all EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  repeated motif in DNA-binding proteins. 
B)  2 Cys and 2 Met coordinate the Zn. 
C)  binds the major groove of DNA. 
D)  interacts with about five nucleotides/ Zn-finger. 
E)  all are true. 
A)  repeated motif in DNA-binding proteins. 
B)  2 Cys and 2 Met coordinate the Zn. 
C)  binds the major groove of DNA. 
D)  interacts with about five nucleotides/ Zn-finger. 
E)  all are true. B

Question 3

How does catabolite activator protein (CAP) activate transcription of the lac operon?​

Accepted Answer

Catabolite activator protein (CAP), also referred to as CRP (for cAMP receptor protein), is a dimer of identical 22.5-kD polypeptides. The N-terminal domains bind cAMP; the C-terminal domains constitute the DNA-binding site. Two molecules of cAMP are bound per dimer. The CAP-(cAMP)₂ complex binds to specific target sites near the promoters of operons. Binding of CAP-(cAMP)₂ to DNA causes the DNA to bend more than 80°. This CAP-induced DNA bending near the promoter assists RNA polymerase holoenzyme binding and closed promoter complex formation. Contacts made between the CAP-(cAMP)₂ complex and the α-subunit of RNA polymerase holoenzyme activate transcription.

Question 4

In prokaryotes, gene expression is often responsive to small molecules where increasing synthesis of enzymes for metabolism of a certain substrate is termed ____ and the substrate is called ____. Likewise metabolic products that decrease synthesis of enzymes for their production are called ____ and carry out ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  autoregulation; regulatory; co-repressors; initiation 
B)  co-induction; induction; co-repressors; initiation 
C)  induction; co-inducer; co-repressors; repression 
D)  induction; co-inducer; repressor; co-repression 
E)  all are true 
A)  autoregulation; regulatory; co-repressors; initiation 
B)  co-induction; induction; co-repressors; initiation 
C)  induction; co-inducer; co-repressors; repression 
D)  induction; co-inducer; repressor; co-repression 
E)  all are true

Question 5

When the cellular level of tryptophan decreases in E. coli:

Accepted Answer

A)  tryptophan-bound Trp repressor associates with trp operator. 
B)  Trp aporepressor has lowered affinity for trp promoter allowing RNA. polymerase binding and transcription of the trp operon. 
C)  tryptophan binds trp inducer to promote positive control of trp promoter. 
D)  trp repressor has a greater affinity for trp operator. 
E)  none of the above. 
A)  tryptophan-bound Trp repressor associates with trp operator. 
B)  Trp aporepressor has lowered affinity for trp promoter allowing RNA. polymerase binding and transcription of the trp operon. 
C)  tryptophan binds trp inducer to promote positive control of trp promoter. 
D)  trp repressor has a greater affinity for trp operator. 
E)  none of the above.

Question 6

Characteristics of rho (ρ) factor include all EXCEPT that it:

Accepted Answer

A)  recognizes and binds C-rich regions of RNA transcripts. 
B)  binding regions must be ribosome free. 
C)  advances in the 5'→3' direction to the transcription bubble. 
D)  unwinds transcript and template to free nascent RNA. 
E)  all are true. 
A)  recognizes and binds C-rich regions of RNA transcripts. 
B)  binding regions must be ribosome free. 
C)  advances in the 5'→3' direction to the transcription bubble. 
D)  unwinds transcript and template to free nascent RNA. 
E)  all are true.

Question 7

Which of the following is true regarding the araBAD operon?

Accepted Answer

A)  binding of arabinose causes dimerization of AraC allowing it to bind to araO2 and araI1 
B)  when bound to arabinose, the AraC dimer must also bind to a CAP-cAMP dimer for translation to occur 
C)  expression of araC occurs in concert with the expression of araB, araA and araD 
D)  AraC bound to arabinose can bind to CAP regardless of whether or not cAMP is present 
E)  none of the above 
A)  binding of arabinose causes dimerization of AraC allowing it to bind to araO2 and araI1 
B)  when bound to arabinose, the AraC dimer must also bind to a CAP-cAMP dimer for translation to occur 
C)  expression of araC occurs in concert with the expression of araB, araA and araD 
D)  AraC bound to arabinose can bind to CAP regardless of whether or not cAMP is present 
E)  none of the above

Question 8

The ____ strand has the same nucleotide sequence and direction as that of the RNA transcript, with the ____ end of mRNA encoding the N-terminus of the protein.

Accepted Answer

A)  template; 3' 
B)  template; 5' 
C)  nontemplate; 3' 
D)  nontemplate; 5' 
E)  lagging; 5' 
A)  template; 3' 
B)  template; 5' 
C)  nontemplate; 3' 
D)  nontemplate; 5' 
E)  lagging; 5'

Question 9

In order for transcription to begin, the DNA-duplex must be "opened" to allow RNA polymerase access to single stranded template. All facilitate "opening" of DNA-duplex EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  low melting temperature, Tm, in the Pribnow box. 
B)  A:T rich DNA duplex. 
C)  negative supercoiling. 
D)  binding of RNA polymerase σ-subunit. 
E)  all are true. 
A)  low melting temperature, Tm, in the Pribnow box. 
B)  A:T rich DNA duplex. 
C)  negative supercoiling. 
D)  binding of RNA polymerase σ-subunit. 
E)  all are true.

Question 10

All of the following are control mechanisms that regulate transcription in prokaryotes EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  protein : protein interactions 
B)  DNA : protein interactions 
C)  RNA : protein interactions 
D)  a and b 
E)  a, b, and c 
A)  protein : protein interactions 
B)  DNA : protein interactions 
C)  RNA : protein interactions 
D)  a and b 
E)  a, b, and c

Question 11

Enzymes that acetylate the ε-amino group of lysine in the histidine tails are called ____ and are involved in ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  histone deacetylases; restoring chromatin to a repressed state 
B)  histone acetyltransferases (HATs); initial events in transcriptional activation 
C)  histone activases; formation of the de-repression complex 
D)  Schiff base formation; promoting the formation of closed complexes 
E)  none of the above 
A)  histone deacetylases; restoring chromatin to a repressed state 
B)  histone acetyltransferases (HATs); initial events in transcriptional activation 
C)  histone activases; formation of the de-repression complex 
D)  Schiff base formation; promoting the formation of closed complexes 
E)  none of the above

Question 12

The eukaryotic transcription factor that exhibits a sequence specificity for the TATA box is:

Accepted Answer

A)  TFIIB. 
B)  TFIIC. 
C)  TFIID/TBP. 
D)  RNA polymerase II. 
E)  TFIIH. 
A)  TFIIB. 
B)  TFIIC. 
C)  TFIID/TBP. 
D)  RNA polymerase II. 
E)  TFIIH.

Question 13

RNA polymerase II:

Accepted Answer

A)  is located in the nucleolus and transcribes the major ribosomal RNA genes. 
B)  is located in the nucleoplasm and transcribes the protein-encoding genes through mRNAs. 
C)  transcribes the 5S RNA genes. 
D)  transcribes RNA genes associated with tRNA processing. 
E)  transcribes tRNA genes and protein transport genes. 
A)  is located in the nucleolus and transcribes the major ribosomal RNA genes. 
B)  is located in the nucleoplasm and transcribes the protein-encoding genes through mRNAs. 
C)  transcribes the 5S RNA genes. 
D)  transcribes RNA genes associated with tRNA processing. 
E)  transcribes tRNA genes and protein transport genes.

Question 14

Transcription of a typical gene encoding a polypeptide in eukaryotes involves all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  the splicing together of a number of exons in the DNA prior to transcription. 
B)  synthesis by RNA polymerase II. 
C)  transcription of DNA corresponding to both introns and exons. 
D)  transcription of the DNA which encodes the N-terminal of the polypeptide prior to DNA encoding to the C-terminal. 
E)  addition of the poly(
A) + tail. 
A)  the splicing together of a number of exons in the DNA prior to transcription. 
B)  synthesis by RNA polymerase II. 
C)  transcription of DNA corresponding to both introns and exons. 
D)  transcription of the DNA which encodes the N-terminal of the polypeptide prior to DNA encoding to the C-terminal. 
E)  addition of the poly(
A) + tail.

Question 15

Which of the following is not a component of the araBAD operon?

Accepted Answer

A)  araA, encodes L-arabinose isomerase 
B)  araK, encodes L-arabinose kinase 
C)  araD, encodes ribulose-5-phosphate epimerase 
D)  araC, encodes a regulatory protein that acts as both a repressor and activator 
E)  araI, the promoter for the operon 
A)  araA, encodes L-arabinose isomerase 
B)  araK, encodes L-arabinose kinase 
C)  araD, encodes ribulose-5-phosphate epimerase 
D)  araC, encodes a regulatory protein that acts as both a repressor and activator 
E)  araI, the promoter for the operon

Question 16

Transcription chain elongation is thought to generate ____ supercoils ahead of the transcription bubble and _____ supercoils behind it.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive; negative 
B)  negative; positive 
C)  negative; negative 
D)  positive; positive 
E)  none of the above 
A)  positive; negative 
B)  negative; positive 
C)  negative; negative 
D)  positive; positive 
E)  none of the above

Question 17

Expression of genes independently of regulation is termed:

Accepted Answer

A)  negative regulation. 
B)  constitutive expression. 
C)  transcription expression. 
D)  repressible regulation. 
E)  autoregulation. 
A)  negative regulation. 
B)  constitutive expression. 
C)  transcription expression. 
D)  repressible regulation. 
E)  autoregulation.

Question 18

Heat shock element (HSE) is a(n) ____ found in the ____ region of genes whose transcription is activated in response to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  silencer; enhancer; cold 
B)  response element; promoter; elevated temperature 
C)  promoter; enhancer; elevated temperature 
D)  enhancer; response element; elevated temperature 
E)  silencer; promoter; cold 
A)  silencer; enhancer; cold 
B)  response element; promoter; elevated temperature 
C)  promoter; enhancer; elevated temperature 
D)  enhancer; response element; elevated temperature 
E)  silencer; promoter; cold

Question 19

Operons are a(n) ____ sequence lying adjacent to the DNA being transcribed and are composed of a promoter located next to a(n) ____ that interacts and is controlled by a(n) ____ protein.

Accepted Answer

A)  initiation; operator; repression 
B)  operator; repressor; regulatory 
C)  regulatory; repressor; activator 
D)  regulatory; operator; regulatory 
E)  none are true 
A)  initiation; operator; repression 
B)  operator; repressor; regulatory 
C)  regulatory; repressor; activator 
D)  regulatory; operator; regulatory 
E)  none are true

Question 20

The DNA-binding proteins that recognize and accurately initiate transcription at specific eukaryotic promoter sequences are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  Enhancers. 
B)  transcription factors. 
C)  response elements. 
D)  chromatin-remodeling complexes. 
E)  all are true. 
A)  Enhancers. 
B)  transcription factors. 
C)  response elements. 
D)  chromatin-remodeling complexes. 
E)  all are true.

Exam 29: Transcription and the Regulation of Gene Expression

The heptapeptide repeat in the carboxy terminal domain (CTD) in the RPB1 subunit of RNA polymerase II is phosphorylated to ____.

Characteristics of the Zn-finger motif include all EXCEPT:

How does catabolite activator protein (CAP) activate transcription of the lac operon?​

When the cellular level of tryptophan decreases in E. coli:

Characteristics of rho (ρ) factor include all EXCEPT that it:

Which of the following is true regarding the araBAD operon?

The ____ strand has the same nucleotide sequence and direction as that of the RNA transcript, with the ____ end of mRNA encoding the N-terminus of the protein.

In order for transcription to begin, the DNA-duplex must be "opened" to allow RNA polymerase access to single stranded template. All facilitate "opening" of DNA-duplex EXCEPT:

All of the following are control mechanisms that regulate transcription in prokaryotes EXCEPT:

Enzymes that acetylate the ε-amino group of lysine in the histidine tails are called ____ and are involved in ____.

The eukaryotic transcription factor that exhibits a sequence specificity for the TATA box is:

RNA polymerase II:

Transcription of a typical gene encoding a polypeptide in eukaryotes involves all of the following EXCEPT:

Which of the following is not a component of the araBAD operon?

Transcription chain elongation is thought to generate ____ supercoils ahead of the transcription bubble and _____ supercoils behind it.

Expression of genes independently of regulation is termed:

Heat shock element (HSE) is a(n) ____ found in the ____ region of genes whose transcription is activated in response to ____.

Operons are a(n) ____ sequence lying adjacent to the DNA being transcribed and are composed of a promoter located next to a(n) ____ that interacts and is controlled by a(n) ____ protein.

The DNA-binding proteins that recognize and accurately initiate transcription at specific eukaryotic promoter sequences are called:

The Facts of Life: Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological Phenomena

Water: the Medium of Life

Thermodynamics of Biological Systems

Amino Acids and the Peptide Bond

Proteins: Their Primary Structure and Biological Functions

Proteins: Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary Structure

Carbohydrates and the Glycoconjugates of Cell Surfaces

Lipids

Membranes and Membrane Transport

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Structure of Nucleic Acids

Recombinant Dna, Cloning, Chimeric Genes, and Synthetic Biology

Enzymeskinetics and Specificity

Mechanisms of Enzyme Action

Enzyme Regulation

Molecular Motors

Metabolism: an Overview

Glycolysis

The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Lipid Biosynthesis

Nitrogen Acquisition and Amino Acid Metabolism

Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides

Metabolic Integration and Organ Specialization

Dna Metabolism: Replication, Recombination, and Repair

Protein Synthesis

Completing the Protein Life Cycle: Folding, Processing, and Degradation

The Reception and Transmission of Extracellular Information

Filters

How does catabolite activator protein (CAP) activate transcription of the lac operon?

The strand has the same nucleotide sequence and direction as that of the RNA transcript, with the end of mRNA encoding the N-terminus of the protein.

Enzymes that acetylate the ε-amino group of lysine in the histidine tails are called and are involved in .

Transcription chain elongation is thought to generate supercoils ahead of the transcription bubble and _ supercoils behind it.

Heat shock element (HSE) is a(n) found in the region of genes whose transcription is activated in response to .

Operons are a(n) sequence lying adjacent to the DNA being transcribed and are composed of a promoter located next to a(n) that interacts and is controlled by a(n) protein.