Question 1

In a sample of double-stranded DNA containing 32% cytosine, the percentage of adenine would be:

Accepted Answer

A)  32% 
B)  68% 
C)  18% 
D)  0% 
E)  insufficient information to answer question 
A)  32% 
B)  68% 
C)  18% 
D)  0% 
E)  insufficient information to answer question C

Question 2

All of the following are examples of nucleotide functions EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  CTP in phospholipid synthesis. 
B)  UTP in complex carbohydrate synthesis. 
C)  ATP in energy for the cell. 
D)  GTP in protein synthesis. 
E)  TTP in phosphoryl group transfers. 
A)  CTP in phospholipid synthesis. 
B)  UTP in complex carbohydrate synthesis. 
C)  ATP in energy for the cell. 
D)  GTP in protein synthesis. 
E)  TTP in phosphoryl group transfers. E

Question 3

Which of the following properties describe both purines and pyrimidines?

Accepted Answer

A)  they are aromatic 
B)  they are composed of 6-membered rings 
C)  they exhibit strong absorption of UV light 
D)  they always contain a carbonyl group 
E)  both A and C are correct 
A)  they are aromatic 
B)  they are composed of 6-membered rings 
C)  they exhibit strong absorption of UV light 
D)  they always contain a carbonyl group 
E)  both A and C are correct E

Question 4

Discuss nucleosides.​

Accepted Answer

Nucleosides are compounds formed when a

Question 5

The convention in all notations of nucleic acid structure is to read the polynucleotide chain from the ____ of the polymer to the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  poly U head; poly A tail 
B)  3'-end; 5'-tail 
C)  5'-end; 3'-end 
D)  poly-p head; 5'-end 
E)  none are true 
A)  poly U head; poly A tail 
B)  3'-end; 5'-tail 
C)  5'-end; 3'-end 
D)  poly-p head; 5'-end 
E)  none are true

Question 6

RNA is ____ stable to alkaline hydrolysis than DNA because RNA's vicinal ____ group makes the 3'-phosphodiester bond susceptible to ____ cleavage.

Accepted Answer

A)  less; 3'-OH; nucleophilic 
B)  less; 2'-OH; nucleophilic 
C)  more; 2'-OH; electrophilic 
D)  more; 2'-OH; nucleophilic 
E)  more; 3'-OH; electrophilic 
A)  less; 3'-OH; nucleophilic 
B)  less; 2'-OH; nucleophilic 
C)  more; 2'-OH; electrophilic 
D)  more; 2'-OH; nucleophilic 
E)  more; 3'-OH; electrophilic

Question 7

Nucleotides have a nitrogenous base linked to a sugar by a:

Accepted Answer

A)  α-anhydride bond. 
B)  β-ester bond. 
C)  α-N-amide bond. 
D)  β-N-acetal (glycosidic) bond. 
E)  α-N-hemiacetal bond. 
A)  α-anhydride bond. 
B)  β-ester bond. 
C)  α-N-amide bond. 
D)  β-N-acetal (glycosidic) bond. 
E)  α-N-hemiacetal bond.

Question 8

All of the following are important characteristics of DNA EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  a 1:1 ratio between pyrimidine residues and purine residues. 
B)  adenine base pairs with uracil. 
C)  hydrogen bonding between base pairs. 
D)  information contained in the sequence of one strand conserved in the sequence of other strand. 
E)  information is accessed through transcription of the information into RNA. 
A)  a 1:1 ratio between pyrimidine residues and purine residues. 
B)  adenine base pairs with uracil. 
C)  hydrogen bonding between base pairs. 
D)  information contained in the sequence of one strand conserved in the sequence of other strand. 
E)  information is accessed through transcription of the information into RNA.

Question 9

All are important functional groups participating in H-bond formation EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  amino group of the cytosine, adenine, and guanine. 
B)  the ring nitrogens at position 3 of pyrimidines and 1 of purines. 
C)  the electronegative oxygen atoms. 
D)  the electron density in the double bonds of the bases. 
E)  the carbonyl group at position 4 of uracil and thymine, position 2 of cytosine, and position 6 of guanine. 
A)  amino group of the cytosine, adenine, and guanine. 
B)  the ring nitrogens at position 3 of pyrimidines and 1 of purines. 
C)  the electronegative oxygen atoms. 
D)  the electron density in the double bonds of the bases. 
E)  the carbonyl group at position 4 of uracil and thymine, position 2 of cytosine, and position 6 of guanine.

Question 10

30S rRNA is a designation of the ____ of the RNA molecule.

Accepted Answer

A)  number of sugars 
B)  sedimentation coefficient 
C)  splicing coefficient 
D)  sequence repeats 
E)  splicing number 
A)  number of sugars 
B)  sedimentation coefficient 
C)  splicing coefficient 
D)  sequence repeats 
E)  splicing number

Question 11

Discuss gene silencing brought about by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).​

Accepted Answer

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are a su

Question 12

All are characteristics of pyrimidines EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  six-membered ring. 
B)  heterocyclic. 
C)  conjugated. 
D)  fused five membered rings. 
E)  two nitrogens separated by a carbonyl. 
A)  six-membered ring. 
B)  heterocyclic. 
C)  conjugated. 
D)  fused five membered rings. 
E)  two nitrogens separated by a carbonyl.

Question 13

Which of the following statements regarding the structure of DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  the two strands are parallel. 
B)  the two strands are held together by intrachain hydrogen bonds. 
C)  the two strands have complementary base pairing. 
D)  the hydrogen bonding that holds the helix together is always between two purines or between two pyrimidines. 
E)  the ratio of adenine to guanine is the same in all organisms. 
A)  the two strands are parallel. 
B)  the two strands are held together by intrachain hydrogen bonds. 
C)  the two strands have complementary base pairing. 
D)  the hydrogen bonding that holds the helix together is always between two purines or between two pyrimidines. 
E)  the ratio of adenine to guanine is the same in all organisms.

Question 14

____ are important in the processing of eukaryotic gene transcripts into mature messenger RNAs for export from the nucleus into cytoplasm.

Accepted Answer

A)  snRNAs as snRNPs 
B)  tRNAs 
C)  rRNAs 
D)  siRNAs 
E)  stRNAs 
A)  snRNAs as snRNPs 
B)  tRNAs 
C)  rRNAs 
D)  siRNAs 
E)  stRNAs

Question 15

Which is a six-membered heterocyclic aromatic ring?

Accepted Answer

A)  pyrimidine 
B)  purine 
C)  anose 
D)  sugar portion of DNA 
E)  ribonucleotide 
A)  pyrimidine 
B)  purine 
C)  anose 
D)  sugar portion of DNA 
E)  ribonucleotide

Question 16

If a restriction site of 6 bases starts with 5'-TGG, what are the last three bases in the sequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  5'-ACC-3' 
B)  5'-GGT-3' 
C)  5'-CCA-3' 
D)  5'-TGG-3' 
E)  none of the above 
A)  5'-ACC-3' 
B)  5'-GGT-3' 
C)  5'-CCA-3' 
D)  5'-TGG-3' 
E)  none of the above

Question 17

Eukaryotic mRNAs are synthesized in the nucleus, are called ____, and contain noncoding regions called ____ because they intervene between coding regions called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  poly A RNAs; noncodons; codons 
B)  poly A RNAs; intervening sequences; codons 
C)  heterogeneous nuclear RNAs; intervening sequences (introns); codons 
D)  heterogeneous nuclear RNAs; intervening sequences (introns); exons 
E)  none of the above. 
A)  poly A RNAs; noncodons; codons 
B)  poly A RNAs; intervening sequences; codons 
C)  heterogeneous nuclear RNAs; intervening sequences (introns); codons 
D)  heterogeneous nuclear RNAs; intervening sequences (introns); exons 
E)  none of the above.

Question 18

cAMP and cGMP are ____ with phosphate esterified as a cyclic ____ and are important as ____ of cellular metabolism.

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleotides; phosphodiesters; inhibitors 
B)  nucleotides; phosphomonoesters, regulators 
C)  nucleotides; phosphodiesters, regulators 
D)  nucleosides; phosphomonoesters, stimulators 
E)  all of the above 
A)  nucleotides; phosphodiesters; inhibitors 
B)  nucleotides; phosphomonoesters, regulators 
C)  nucleotides; phosphodiesters, regulators 
D)  nucleosides; phosphomonoesters, stimulators 
E)  all of the above

Question 19

Prokaryotic chromosomes are typically ____, while eukaryotic chromosomes are ____

Accepted Answer

A)  circular; linear and richly protein-associated 
B)  circular and richly protein-associated; linear 
C)  linear and richly protein-associated; circular 
D)  linear; circular and richly protein-associated 
E)  none are true. 
A)  circular; linear and richly protein-associated 
B)  circular and richly protein-associated; linear 
C)  linear and richly protein-associated; circular 
D)  linear; circular and richly protein-associated 
E)  none are true.

Question 20

In eukaryotic cells, DNA is found principally in the nucleus, but it also occurs in ____ and in ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ribosomes; mitochondria 
B)  mitochondria; chloroplasts 
C)  chloroplasts; peroxisomes 
D)  peroxisomes; vacuoles 
E)  vacuoles; mitochondria 
A)  ribosomes; mitochondria 
B)  mitochondria; chloroplasts 
C)  chloroplasts; peroxisomes 
D)  peroxisomes; vacuoles 
E)  vacuoles; mitochondria

Exam 10: Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

In a sample of double-stranded DNA containing 32% cytosine, the percentage of adenine would be:

All of the following are examples of nucleotide functions EXCEPT:

Which of the following properties describe both purines and pyrimidines?

Discuss nucleosides.​

The convention in all notations of nucleic acid structure is to read the polynucleotide chain from the ____ of the polymer to the ____.

RNA is ____ stable to alkaline hydrolysis than DNA because RNA's vicinal ____ group makes the 3'-phosphodiester bond susceptible to ____ cleavage.

Nucleotides have a nitrogenous base linked to a sugar by a:

All of the following are important characteristics of DNA EXCEPT:

All are important functional groups participating in H-bond formation EXCEPT:

30S rRNA is a designation of the ____ of the RNA molecule.

Discuss gene silencing brought about by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).​

All are characteristics of pyrimidines EXCEPT:

Which of the following statements regarding the structure of DNA is correct?

____ are important in the processing of eukaryotic gene transcripts into mature messenger RNAs for export from the nucleus into cytoplasm.

Which is a six-membered heterocyclic aromatic ring?

If a restriction site of 6 bases starts with 5'-TGG, what are the last three bases in the sequence?

Eukaryotic mRNAs are synthesized in the nucleus, are called ____, and contain noncoding regions called ____ because they intervene between coding regions called ____.

cAMP and cGMP are ____ with phosphate esterified as a cyclic ____ and are important as ____ of cellular metabolism.

Prokaryotic chromosomes are typically ____, while eukaryotic chromosomes are ____

In eukaryotic cells, DNA is found principally in the nucleus, but it also occurs in ____ and in ____.

The Facts of Life: Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological Phenomena

Water: the Medium of Life

Thermodynamics of Biological Systems

Amino Acids and the Peptide Bond

Proteins: Their Primary Structure and Biological Functions

Proteins: Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary Structure

Carbohydrates and the Glycoconjugates of Cell Surfaces

Lipids

Membranes and Membrane Transport

Structure of Nucleic Acids

Recombinant Dna, Cloning, Chimeric Genes, and Synthetic Biology

Enzymeskinetics and Specificity

Mechanisms of Enzyme Action

Enzyme Regulation

Molecular Motors

Metabolism: an Overview

Glycolysis

The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Lipid Biosynthesis

Nitrogen Acquisition and Amino Acid Metabolism

Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides

Metabolic Integration and Organ Specialization

Dna Metabolism: Replication, Recombination, and Repair

Transcription and the Regulation of Gene Expression

Protein Synthesis

Completing the Protein Life Cycle: Folding, Processing, and Degradation

The Reception and Transmission of Extracellular Information

Filters

Discuss nucleosides.

The convention in all notations of nucleic acid structure is to read the polynucleotide chain from the of the polymer to the .

RNA is stable to alkaline hydrolysis than DNA because RNA's vicinal group makes the 3'-phosphodiester bond susceptible to cleavage.

Discuss gene silencing brought about by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).

Eukaryotic mRNAs are synthesized in the nucleus, are called , and contain noncoding regions called because they intervene between coding regions called .

cAMP and cGMP are with phosphate esterified as a cyclic and are important as of cellular metabolism.

Prokaryotic chromosomes are typically , while eukaryotic chromosomes are

In eukaryotic cells, DNA is found principally in the nucleus, but it also occurs in and in .