Question 1

Mucopolysaccharides such as ____ form protective coats on animal cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  chitin 
B)  cellulose 
C)  glycogen 
D)  hyaluronic acids 
E)  glucuronic acids 
A)  chitin 
B)  cellulose 
C)  glycogen 
D)  hyaluronic acids 
E)  glucuronic acids D

Question 2

Which of the following represents an example of a proteoglycan?

Accepted Answer

A)  attachment of several molecules of heparin to the peptide antithrombin III 
B)  attachment of a Gal-β(1,3)-GalNAc disaccharide to the fish antifreeze protein 
C)  attachment of a small oligosaccharide to an immunoglobulin 
D)  attachment of a small antigenic determinant to a membrane bound protein of a cell 
E)  none of the above 
A)  attachment of several molecules of heparin to the peptide antithrombin III 
B)  attachment of a Gal-β(1,3)-GalNAc disaccharide to the fish antifreeze protein 
C)  attachment of a small oligosaccharide to an immunoglobulin 
D)  attachment of a small antigenic determinant to a membrane bound protein of a cell 
E)  none of the above A

Question 3

Which of the following sugars is an aldopentose?

Accepted Answer

A)  galactose 
B)  ribulose 
C)  ribose 
D)  xylulose 
E)  mannose 
A)  galactose 
B)  ribulose 
C)  ribose 
D)  xylulose 
E)  mannose C

Question 4

Discuss anomers.​

Accepted Answer

When hemiacetals and hemiketals are form

Question 5

In plant cells, starch is hydrolyzed by ____ to release ____ and a starch molecule with ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  starch phosphorylase; glucose-1-phosphate; one less glucose unit 
B)  salivary α-amylase; maltose 1-phosphate; two less glucose units 
C)  starch phosphorylase; maltose 1-phosphate; two less glucose units 
D)  α(1→6) glucosidase; glucose-6-phosphate; one less glucose unit 
E)  starch hydrolase; glucose; one less glucose unit 
A)  starch phosphorylase; glucose-1-phosphate; one less glucose unit 
B)  salivary α-amylase; maltose 1-phosphate; two less glucose units 
C)  starch phosphorylase; maltose 1-phosphate; two less glucose units 
D)  α(1→6) glucosidase; glucose-6-phosphate; one less glucose unit 
E)  starch hydrolase; glucose; one less glucose unit

Question 6

All are true for agarose EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Forms a double helix with a central core large enough to accommodate large quantities of water. 
B)  Consists of only a linear component. 
C)  Is a chain of alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose, with side-chains of 6-methyl-D-galactose. 
D)  Readily forms gels that are up to 99.9% water. 
E)  All are true. 
A)  Forms a double helix with a central core large enough to accommodate large quantities of water. 
B)  Consists of only a linear component. 
C)  Is a chain of alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose, with side-chains of 6-methyl-D-galactose. 
D)  Readily forms gels that are up to 99.9% water. 
E)  All are true.

Question 7

The core protein of a proteoglycan is noncovalently attached to:

Accepted Answer

A)  oligosaccharides. 
B)  glycosaminoglycans. 
C)  keratin sulfate. 
D)  an outer protein. 
E)  hyaluronic acid backbone. 
A)  oligosaccharides. 
B)  glycosaminoglycans. 
C)  keratin sulfate. 
D)  an outer protein. 
E)  hyaluronic acid backbone.

Question 8

All of the following are homodisaccharides EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  lactose. 
B)  maltose. 
C)  isomaltose. 
D)  cellobiose. 
E)  all are homodisaccharides. 
A)  lactose. 
B)  maltose. 
C)  isomaltose. 
D)  cellobiose. 
E)  all are homodisaccharides.

Question 9

The enantiomer of D-mannose would be:

Accepted Answer

A)  D-galactose. 
B)  L-glucose. 
C)  D-glucose. 
D)  L-mannose. 
E)  L-arabinose. 
A)  D-galactose. 
B)  L-glucose. 
C)  D-glucose. 
D)  L-mannose. 
E)  L-arabinose.

Question 10

If carbon 1 is the carbonyl group of an aldohexose, which carbon determines if the sugar is a D- or L- stereoisomer?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 11

A cyclic hemiacetal with a six-membered oxygen-containing ring is referred to as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  aldehyde. 
B)  pyranose. 
C)  ketopentose. 
D)  furanose. 
E)  sorbitol. 
A)  aldehyde. 
B)  pyranose. 
C)  ketopentose. 
D)  furanose. 
E)  sorbitol.

Question 12

____ is typical of the oligosaccharide components found in beans, etc., that are not digested in the stomach, but are digested by bacteria in the intestines causing flatulence.

Accepted Answer

A)  Melezitose 
B)  Amygdelin 
C)  Laetrile 
D)  Stachyose 
E)  Dextrantriose 
A)  Melezitose 
B)  Amygdelin 
C)  Laetrile 
D)  Stachyose 
E)  Dextrantriose

Question 13

Glucuronic acid is formed by oxidation of which carbon of glucose?

Accepted Answer

A)  C-1 
B)  C-2 
C)  C-4 
D)  C-6 
E)  both a and b 
A)  C-1 
B)  C-2 
C)  C-4 
D)  C-6 
E)  both a and b

Question 14

Mannose is an epimer of:

Accepted Answer

A)  ribose 
B)  galactose 
C)  glucose 
D)  xylose. 
E)  fructose. 
A)  ribose 
B)  galactose 
C)  glucose 
D)  xylose. 
E)  fructose.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about cellulose fiber is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a linear polymer of β (1→4) glycosidic linked glucose and galactose residues. 
B)  It is extremely susceptible to hydrolysis. 
C)  It is water-soluble. 
D)  It is made up of very weak microfibrils. 
E)  Intermolecular hydrogen bonds play a major role in stabilization of the microfibrils. 
A)  It is a linear polymer of β (1→4) glycosidic linked glucose and galactose residues. 
B)  It is extremely susceptible to hydrolysis. 
C)  It is water-soluble. 
D)  It is made up of very weak microfibrils. 
E)  Intermolecular hydrogen bonds play a major role in stabilization of the microfibrils.

Question 16

Which of the following would be the correct Haworth projection for β-D-talose (linear form is shown on the left)?

Accepted Answer

A)  a 
B)  b 
C)  c 
D)  d 
E)  none of the above 
A)  a 
B)  b 
C)  c 
D)  d 
E)  none of the above

Question 17

Proteoglycans are a group of macromolecules formed from:

Accepted Answer

A)  proteases and monosaccharides. 
B)  proteins and glycosaminoglycans. 
C)  proteins and polysaccharides. 
D)  proteases and glycosaminoglycans. 
E)  proteins and glycogen. 
A)  proteases and monosaccharides. 
B)  proteins and glycosaminoglycans. 
C)  proteins and polysaccharides. 
D)  proteases and glycosaminoglycans. 
E)  proteins and glycogen.

Question 18

Cellulose and chitin are similar in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Both are polymers of glucose. 
B)  Both are structural polysaccharides. 
C)  Both have extended ribbon conformations. 
D)  Both have extensive hydrogen bonding. 
E)  All are true. 
A)  Both are polymers of glucose. 
B)  Both are structural polysaccharides. 
C)  Both have extended ribbon conformations. 
D)  Both have extensive hydrogen bonding. 
E)  All are true.

Question 19

All of the statements about the following pairs of sugars are correct EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Galactose and mannose are diastereomers. 
B)  L-galactose and D-galactose are enatiomers. 
C)  Glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone are stereoisomers. 
D)  Glucose and mannose are epimers. 
E)  Glucose has fewer chiral centers than fructose. 
A)  Galactose and mannose are diastereomers. 
B)  L-galactose and D-galactose are enatiomers. 
C)  Glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone are stereoisomers. 
D)  Glucose and mannose are epimers. 
E)  Glucose has fewer chiral centers than fructose.

Question 20

____ are important components of the vitreous humor of the eye and of synovial fluid that lubricates the joints.

Accepted Answer

A)  Heparin 
B)  Hyaluronates 
C)  Chondroitins 
D)  Keratin sulfates 
E)  All are true 
A)  Heparin 
B)  Hyaluronates 
C)  Chondroitins 
D)  Keratin sulfates 
E)  All are true

Exam 7: Carbohydrates and the Glycoconjugates of Cell Surfaces

Mucopolysaccharides such as ____ form protective coats on animal cells.

Which of the following represents an example of a proteoglycan?

Which of the following sugars is an aldopentose?

Discuss anomers.​

In plant cells, starch is hydrolyzed by ____ to release ____ and a starch molecule with ____.

All are true for agarose EXCEPT:

The core protein of a proteoglycan is noncovalently attached to:

All of the following are homodisaccharides EXCEPT:

The enantiomer of D-mannose would be:

If carbon 1 is the carbonyl group of an aldohexose, which carbon determines if the sugar is a D- or L- stereoisomer?

A cyclic hemiacetal with a six-membered oxygen-containing ring is referred to as a(n):

____ is typical of the oligosaccharide components found in beans, etc., that are not digested in the stomach, but are digested by bacteria in the intestines causing flatulence.

Glucuronic acid is formed by oxidation of which carbon of glucose?

Mannose is an epimer of:

Which of the following statements about cellulose fiber is true?

Which of the following would be the correct Haworth projection for β-D-talose (linear form is shown on the left)?

Proteoglycans are a group of macromolecules formed from:

Cellulose and chitin are similar in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

All of the statements about the following pairs of sugars are correct EXCEPT:

____ are important components of the vitreous humor of the eye and of synovial fluid that lubricates the joints.

The Facts of Life: Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological Phenomena

Water: the Medium of Life

Thermodynamics of Biological Systems

Amino Acids and the Peptide Bond

Proteins: Their Primary Structure and Biological Functions

Proteins: Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary Structure

Lipids

Membranes and Membrane Transport

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Structure of Nucleic Acids

Recombinant Dna, Cloning, Chimeric Genes, and Synthetic Biology

Enzymeskinetics and Specificity

Mechanisms of Enzyme Action

Enzyme Regulation

Molecular Motors

Metabolism: an Overview

Glycolysis

The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Lipid Biosynthesis

Nitrogen Acquisition and Amino Acid Metabolism

Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides

Metabolic Integration and Organ Specialization

Dna Metabolism: Replication, Recombination, and Repair

Transcription and the Regulation of Gene Expression

Protein Synthesis

Completing the Protein Life Cycle: Folding, Processing, and Degradation

The Reception and Transmission of Extracellular Information

Filters

Discuss anomers.

In plant cells, starch is hydrolyzed by to release and a starch molecule with .