Question 1

The enzymes α-amylase and β-amylase can cleave the ____ bonds of amylopectin but not the ____ bonds.

Accepted Answer

A)  α (1→6)-; α (1→4)- 
B)  β (1→6)-; β (1→4)- 
C)  α (1→4)-; β (1→4)- 
D)  α (1→4)-; α (1→6)- 
E)  α (1→6)-; β (1→4)- 
A)  α (1→6)-; α (1→4)- 
B)  β (1→6)-; β (1→4)- 
C)  α (1→4)-; β (1→4)- 
D)  α (1→4)-; α (1→6)- 
E)  α (1→6)-; β (1→4)-

Question 2

All of the following are parts of the honeybee's processing of honey EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  producing a small amount of gluconic acid. 
B)  concentrating the sugars to a supersaturated state. 
C)  conversion of some glucose and fructose into sucrose. 
D)  conversion of most of the fructose to the β-D-fructopyranose form. 
E)  producing an emulsion of glucose hydrate and fructose hydrate crystals in a thick syrup. 
A)  producing a small amount of gluconic acid. 
B)  concentrating the sugars to a supersaturated state. 
C)  conversion of some glucose and fructose into sucrose. 
D)  conversion of most of the fructose to the β-D-fructopyranose form. 
E)  producing an emulsion of glucose hydrate and fructose hydrate crystals in a thick syrup.

Question 3

Discuss the structure of glycogen.​

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is the major form of storage po

Question 4

____ is an enzyme found in liver and muscle tissue used to catalyze the phosphorolysis of glycogen to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  β (1→6)-Glucosidase; glucose-1-phosphate 
B)  α-Amylase; glucose-1-phosphate 
C)  β-Amylase; glucose 
D)  Glycogen maltase; maltose 
E)  Glycogen phosphorylase; glucose-1-phosphate 
A)  β (1→6)-Glucosidase; glucose-1-phosphate 
B)  α-Amylase; glucose-1-phosphate 
C)  β-Amylase; glucose 
D)  Glycogen maltase; maltose 
E)  Glycogen phosphorylase; glucose-1-phosphate

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true regarding glycogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  the branches are formed by α(2→6) glycosidic bonds 
B)  glycogen is the primary energy storage molecule for animals 
C)  most of the glycosidic bonds are α(1→4) 
D)  glycogen is considered a heteropolysaccharide 
E)  none of the above are true 
A)  the branches are formed by α(2→6) glycosidic bonds 
B)  glycogen is the primary energy storage molecule for animals 
C)  most of the glycosidic bonds are α(1→4) 
D)  glycogen is considered a heteropolysaccharide 
E)  none of the above are true

Question 6

β-D-glucopyranose in the chair form is the most widely occurring form of glucose in nature and it has the following characteristics EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  forms a six-membered ring. 
B)  carbon 6 is above the plane of the chair. 
C)  all of the −OH groups are equatorial. 
D)  the anomeric carbon has a hydroxyl that is below the plane of the chair. 
E)  all axial positions are occupied by −H. 
A)  forms a six-membered ring. 
B)  carbon 6 is above the plane of the chair. 
C)  all of the −OH groups are equatorial. 
D)  the anomeric carbon has a hydroxyl that is below the plane of the chair. 
E)  all axial positions are occupied by −H.

Question 7

Cellulose is extremely resistant to hydrolysis, but cellulase catalyzes the hydrolysis and comes from:

Accepted Answer

A)  the pancreas. 
B)  bacteria that live in the rumen. 
C)  the liver. 
D)  H+ secreted into the rumen. 
E)  the intestinal wall. 
A)  the pancreas. 
B)  bacteria that live in the rumen. 
C)  the liver. 
D)  H+ secreted into the rumen. 
E)  the intestinal wall.

Question 8

Which of the following explains why the disaccharide sucrose is not a reducing sugar?

Accepted Answer

A)  the primary hydroxyl groups are oxidized to carboxylic acids 
B)  both anomeric carbons are involved in formation of the glycosidic bond 
C)  the glycosidic bond is in the α configuration 
D)  it is composed of a furanose and a pyranose 
E)  none of the above 
A)  the primary hydroxyl groups are oxidized to carboxylic acids 
B)  both anomeric carbons are involved in formation of the glycosidic bond 
C)  the glycosidic bond is in the α configuration 
D)  it is composed of a furanose and a pyranose 
E)  none of the above

Question 9

Discuss the glycoproteins and glycolipids that have terminal sialic acids on their oligosaccharide chains.​

Accepted Answer

The oligosaccharide chains of glycoprote

Question 10

Which of the following monosaccharides is an aldose?

Accepted Answer

A)  a 
B)  b 
C)  c 
D)  d 
E)  none of the above 
A)  a 
B)  b 
C)  c 
D)  d 
E)  none of the above

Question 11

A constituent of the flavin coenzymes is

Accepted Answer

A)  sorbitol 
B)  mannitol 
C)  xylitol 
D)  ribitol 
E)  glycerol 
A)  sorbitol 
B)  mannitol 
C)  xylitol 
D)  ribitol 
E)  glycerol

Question 12

All of the following disaccharides are reducing sugars EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  lactose. 
B)  maltose. 
C)  sucrose. 
D)  cellulose. 
E)  isomaltose. 
A)  lactose. 
B)  maltose. 
C)  sucrose. 
D)  cellulose. 
E)  isomaltose.

Question 13

All of the following statements about the nature of glycogen are true EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a polysaccharide used for storage. 
B)  It is a branched polymer of linked glucose residues. 
C)  It has all non-reducing ends. 
D)  The highly branched structure allows the rapid mobilization of glucose during metabolic need. 
E)  It is found primarily in the liver and skeletal muscles. 
A)  It is a polysaccharide used for storage. 
B)  It is a branched polymer of linked glucose residues. 
C)  It has all non-reducing ends. 
D)  The highly branched structure allows the rapid mobilization of glucose during metabolic need. 
E)  It is found primarily in the liver and skeletal muscles.

Question 14

Sugar alcohols include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  ribitol. 
B)  sorbitol. 
C)  fucose. 
D)  mannitol. 
E)  glycerol. 
A)  ribitol. 
B)  sorbitol. 
C)  fucose. 
D)  mannitol. 
E)  glycerol.

Question 15

All are true statements about dextrans EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  They are used in research laboratories as a support for column chromatography (Sephadex or BioGel). 
B)  They are repeating units of isomaltose. 
C)  The branches may be 1→2, 1→3 or 1→4 in various species. 
D)  They are an important component of dental plaque. 
E)  All are true. 
A)  They are used in research laboratories as a support for column chromatography (Sephadex or BioGel). 
B)  They are repeating units of isomaltose. 
C)  The branches may be 1→2, 1→3 or 1→4 in various species. 
D)  They are an important component of dental plaque. 
E)  All are true.

Question 16

A glycosidic bond would be present in:

Accepted Answer

A)  β-D-galactosamine. 
B)  methyl-β-D-glucoside. 
C)  2-deoxy-α-D-ribose. 
D)  β-D-glucose-6-phosphate. 
E)  α-D-fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate. 
A)  β-D-galactosamine. 
B)  methyl-β-D-glucoside. 
C)  2-deoxy-α-D-ribose. 
D)  β-D-glucose-6-phosphate. 
E)  α-D-fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate.

Question 17

Briefly explain lectins with an example.​

Accepted Answer

Lectins are a class of proteins that bin

Question 18

Individuals with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus may have ____ levels of blood ____ so they test their blood for ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  elevated; fructose; gluconic acid 
B)  depressed; glucose; oxidizing sugars 
C)  elevated; glucose; fructose 
D)  depressed; gluconic acid; reducing sugars 
E)  elevated; glucose; reducing sugars 
A)  elevated; fructose; gluconic acid 
B)  depressed; glucose; oxidizing sugars 
C)  elevated; glucose; fructose 
D)  depressed; gluconic acid; reducing sugars 
E)  elevated; glucose; reducing sugars

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the glycosidic bond below?

Accepted Answer

A)  β(2→4) 
B)  α(1→3) 
C)  α(1→4) 
D)  β(1→3) 
E)  α(2→4) 
A)  β(2→4) 
B)  α(1→3) 
C)  α(1→4) 
D)  β(1→3) 
E)  α(2→4)

Question 20

Glucose most commonly forms which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  a pyranose using the hydroxyl group on carbon 4 
B)  a pyranose using the hydroxyl group on carbon 5 
C)  a pyranose using the hydroxyl group on carbon 6 
D)  a furanose using the hydroxyl group on carbon 3 
E)  a furanose using the hydroxyl group on carbon 4 
A)  a pyranose using the hydroxyl group on carbon 4 
B)  a pyranose using the hydroxyl group on carbon 5 
C)  a pyranose using the hydroxyl group on carbon 6 
D)  a furanose using the hydroxyl group on carbon 3 
E)  a furanose using the hydroxyl group on carbon 4

Exam 7: Carbohydrates and the Glycoconjugates of Cell Surfaces

The enzymes α-amylase and β-amylase can cleave the ____ bonds of amylopectin but not the ____ bonds.

All of the following are parts of the honeybee's processing of honey EXCEPT:

Discuss the structure of glycogen.​

____ is an enzyme found in liver and muscle tissue used to catalyze the phosphorolysis of glycogen to ____.

Which of the following statements is true regarding glycogen?

β-D-glucopyranose in the chair form is the most widely occurring form of glucose in nature and it has the following characteristics EXCEPT:

Cellulose is extremely resistant to hydrolysis, but cellulase catalyzes the hydrolysis and comes from:

Which of the following explains why the disaccharide sucrose is not a reducing sugar?

Discuss the glycoproteins and glycolipids that have terminal sialic acids on their oligosaccharide chains.​

Which of the following monosaccharides is an aldose?

A constituent of the flavin coenzymes is

All of the following disaccharides are reducing sugars EXCEPT:

All of the following statements about the nature of glycogen are true EXCEPT:

Sugar alcohols include all of the following EXCEPT:

All are true statements about dextrans EXCEPT:

A glycosidic bond would be present in:

Briefly explain lectins with an example.​

Individuals with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus may have ____ levels of blood ____ so they test their blood for ____.

Which of the following best describes the glycosidic bond below?

Glucose most commonly forms which of the following structures?

The Facts of Life: Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological Phenomena

Water: the Medium of Life

Thermodynamics of Biological Systems

Amino Acids and the Peptide Bond

Proteins: Their Primary Structure and Biological Functions

Proteins: Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary Structure

Lipids

Membranes and Membrane Transport

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Structure of Nucleic Acids

Recombinant Dna, Cloning, Chimeric Genes, and Synthetic Biology

Enzymeskinetics and Specificity

Mechanisms of Enzyme Action

Enzyme Regulation

Molecular Motors

Metabolism: an Overview

Glycolysis

The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Lipid Biosynthesis

Nitrogen Acquisition and Amino Acid Metabolism

Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides

Metabolic Integration and Organ Specialization

Dna Metabolism: Replication, Recombination, and Repair

Transcription and the Regulation of Gene Expression

Protein Synthesis

Completing the Protein Life Cycle: Folding, Processing, and Degradation

The Reception and Transmission of Extracellular Information

Filters

The enzymes α-amylase and β-amylase can cleave the bonds of amylopectin but not the bonds.

Discuss the structure of glycogen.

is an enzyme found in liver and muscle tissue used to catalyze the phosphorolysis of glycogen to .

Discuss the glycoproteins and glycolipids that have terminal sialic acids on their oligosaccharide chains.

Briefly explain lectins with an example.

Individuals with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus may have levels of blood so they test their blood for .