Question 1

The steroid hormones that participate in the control of carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism are the:

Accepted Answer

A)  progestins. 
B)  mineralocorticoids. 
C)  estrogens. 
D)  glucocorticoids. 
E)  androgens. 
A)  progestins. 
B)  mineralocorticoids. 
C)  estrogens. 
D)  glucocorticoids. 
E)  androgens.

Question 2

Lipids are the biomolecules of choice for storage of metabolic energy because they:

Accepted Answer

A)  are soluble in water. 
B)  yield a large amount of energy upon oxidation. 
C)  are highly oxidized. 
D)  are easily hydrolyzed. 
E)  are amphipathic. 
A)  are soluble in water. 
B)  yield a large amount of energy upon oxidation. 
C)  are highly oxidized. 
D)  are easily hydrolyzed. 
E)  are amphipathic.

Question 3

Body fat is a major storage form of energy because it:

Accepted Answer

A)  aggregates in a highly anhydrous form (without additional water weight). 
B)  yields about 17 kJ/g (4 cal/g) of energy. 
C)  has low insulation properties. 
D)  is highly hydrated and easy to metabolize. 
E)  yields about 25 kJ/g (6 cal/g) of energy. 
A)  aggregates in a highly anhydrous form (without additional water weight). 
B)  yields about 17 kJ/g (4 cal/g) of energy. 
C)  has low insulation properties. 
D)  is highly hydrated and easy to metabolize. 
E)  yields about 25 kJ/g (6 cal/g) of energy.

Question 4

Although present in small amounts in most membranes, glycosphingolipids have a number of cellular functions EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  involvement in nerve impulse transmission. 
B)  water-repellant properties of animal skin. 
C)  tissue and organ specificity. 
D)  cell-cell recognition. 
E)  tissue immunity. 
A)  involvement in nerve impulse transmission. 
B)  water-repellant properties of animal skin. 
C)  tissue and organ specificity. 
D)  cell-cell recognition. 
E)  tissue immunity.

Question 5

Dietary essential fatty acids for humans include

Accepted Answer

A)  γ-linolenic and oleic acids. 
B)  oleic and linoleic acids. 
C)  palmitic and oleic acids. 
D)  linoleic and γ-linolenic acids. 
E)  all are true. 
A)  γ-linolenic and oleic acids. 
B)  oleic and linoleic acids. 
C)  palmitic and oleic acids. 
D)  linoleic and γ-linolenic acids. 
E)  all are true.

Question 6

Certain phospholipids, including ____ and ____, participate in complex cellular signaling events.

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphatidylcholine; phosphatidylserine 
B)  phosphatidylserine; phosphatidylalanine 
C)  phosphatidylcholine; phosphatidylglycerol 
D)  phosphatidylinositol; phosphatidylcholine 
E)  phosphatidylethanolamine; phosphatidylserine 
A)  phosphatidylcholine; phosphatidylserine 
B)  phosphatidylserine; phosphatidylalanine 
C)  phosphatidylcholine; phosphatidylglycerol 
D)  phosphatidylinositol; phosphatidylcholine 
E)  phosphatidylethanolamine; phosphatidylserine

Question 7

Which of the following alcohols is correctly paired with the functional group that it contains?

Accepted Answer

A)  ethanolamine: secondary amine group 
B)  choline: quaternary ammonium group 
C)  inositol: aldehyde and alcohol groups 
D)  glycerol: ether 
E)  none of the above are correct 
A)  ethanolamine: secondary amine group 
B)  choline: quaternary ammonium group 
C)  inositol: aldehyde and alcohol groups 
D)  glycerol: ether 
E)  none of the above are correct

Question 8

Glycosphingolipids consist of a ____ with one or more ____ residues in a(n) ____ linkage at the 1-hydroxyl moiety.

Accepted Answer

A)  sugar; fatty acids; ester 
B)  ceramide; sugar; β-glycosidic 
C)  ceramide; fatty acid; amide 
D)  glycerol; fatty acids; ester 
E)  none are true 
A)  sugar; fatty acids; ester 
B)  ceramide; sugar; β-glycosidic 
C)  ceramide; fatty acid; amide 
D)  glycerol; fatty acids; ester 
E)  none are true

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the following molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  a monoterpene with a tail-to-tail linkage 
B)  a monoterpene with a head-to-tail linkage 
C)  a diterpene with a tail-to-tail linkage 
D)  a diterpene with a head-to-tail linkage 
E)  none of the above 
A)  a monoterpene with a tail-to-tail linkage 
B)  a monoterpene with a head-to-tail linkage 
C)  a diterpene with a tail-to-tail linkage 
D)  a diterpene with a head-to-tail linkage 
E)  none of the above

Question 10

A fatty acid with eighteen carbons and one double bond could be designated all EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  linoleic acid. 
B)  18:1. 
C)  cis-9-octadecenoic acid. 
D)  oleic acid. 
E)  elaidic acid 
A)  linoleic acid. 
B)  18:1. 
C)  cis-9-octadecenoic acid. 
D)  oleic acid. 
E)  elaidic acid

Question 11

Discuss the metabolites of sphingolipids and their effects.​

Accepted Answer

Sphingolipids can be modified or broken

Question 12

The structure is an example of a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  diacylglycerol. 
B)  triacylglycerol. 
C)  wax ester. 
D)  eicosanoid. 
E)  monoacylglycerol. 
A)  diacylglycerol. 
B)  triacylglycerol. 
C)  wax ester. 
D)  eicosanoid. 
E)  monoacylglycerol.

Question 13

Of the following fatty acids, which would have physical and physiological properties most similar to elaidic acid, pictured below?

Accepted Answer

A)  oleic acid (18:1Δ9) 
B)  lauric acid (12:0) 
C)  linoleic acid (18:2Δ9,12) 
D)  stearic acid (18:0) 
E)  arachidonic acid (20:4Δ5,8,11,14) 
A)  oleic acid (18:1Δ9) 
B)  lauric acid (12:0) 
C)  linoleic acid (18:2Δ9,12) 
D)  stearic acid (18:0) 
E)  arachidonic acid (20:4Δ5,8,11,14)

Question 14

Diets aimed at reducing coronary heart disease should be:

Accepted Answer

A)  low in trans-fatty acids and high in saturated fatty acids. 
B)  high in trans-fatty acids and high in saturated fatty acids. 
C)  high in trans-fatty acids and low in saturated fatty acids. 
D)  low in trans-fatty acids and low in saturated fatty acids. 
E)  low in trans-fatty acids and low in unsaturated fatty acids. 
A)  low in trans-fatty acids and high in saturated fatty acids. 
B)  high in trans-fatty acids and high in saturated fatty acids. 
C)  high in trans-fatty acids and low in saturated fatty acids. 
D)  low in trans-fatty acids and low in saturated fatty acids. 
E)  low in trans-fatty acids and low in unsaturated fatty acids.

Question 15

Briefly explain waxes.​

Accepted Answer

Waxes are esters of long-chain alcohols

Exam 8: Lipids

The steroid hormones that participate in the control of carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism are the:

Lipids are the biomolecules of choice for storage of metabolic energy because they:

Body fat is a major storage form of energy because it:

Although present in small amounts in most membranes, glycosphingolipids have a number of cellular functions EXCEPT:

Dietary essential fatty acids for humans include

Certain phospholipids, including ____ and ____, participate in complex cellular signaling events.

Which of the following alcohols is correctly paired with the functional group that it contains?

Glycosphingolipids consist of a ____ with one or more ____ residues in a(n) ____ linkage at the 1-hydroxyl moiety.

Which of the following best describes the following molecule?

A fatty acid with eighteen carbons and one double bond could be designated all EXCEPT:

Discuss the metabolites of sphingolipids and their effects.​

The structure is an example of a(n):

Of the following fatty acids, which would have physical and physiological properties most similar to elaidic acid, pictured below?

Diets aimed at reducing coronary heart disease should be:

Briefly explain waxes.​

The Facts of Life: Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological Phenomena

Water: the Medium of Life

Thermodynamics of Biological Systems

Amino Acids and the Peptide Bond

Proteins: Their Primary Structure and Biological Functions

Proteins: Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary Structure

Carbohydrates and the Glycoconjugates of Cell Surfaces

Membranes and Membrane Transport

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Structure of Nucleic Acids

Recombinant Dna, Cloning, Chimeric Genes, and Synthetic Biology

Enzymeskinetics and Specificity

Mechanisms of Enzyme Action

Enzyme Regulation

Molecular Motors

Metabolism: an Overview

Glycolysis

The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Lipid Biosynthesis

Nitrogen Acquisition and Amino Acid Metabolism

Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides

Metabolic Integration and Organ Specialization

Dna Metabolism: Replication, Recombination, and Repair

Transcription and the Regulation of Gene Expression

Protein Synthesis

Completing the Protein Life Cycle: Folding, Processing, and Degradation

The Reception and Transmission of Extracellular Information

Filters

Certain phospholipids, including and , participate in complex cellular signaling events.

Glycosphingolipids consist of a with one or more residues in a(n) linkage at the 1-hydroxyl moiety.

Discuss the metabolites of sphingolipids and their effects.

Briefly explain waxes.